Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India.
School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
Environ Res. 2023 Jan 1;216(Pt 2):114400. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114400. Epub 2022 Oct 17.
Biowaste, produced from nature, is preferred to be a good source of carbon and ligninolytic machinery for many microorganisms. They are complex biopolymers composed of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose traces. This biomass can be depolymerized to its nano-dimensions to gain exceptional properties useful in the field of cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, high-strength materials, etc. Nano-sized biomass derivatives overcome the inherent drawbacks of the parent material and offer promises as a potential material for a wide range of applications with their unique traits such as low-toxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability and environmentally friendly nature with versatility. This review focuses on the production of value-added products feasible from nanocellulose, nano lignin, and xylan nanoparticles which is quite a novel study of its kind. Dawn of nanotechnology has converted bio waste by-products (hemicellulose and lignin) into useful precursors for many commercial products. Nano-cellulose has been employed in the fields of electronics, cosmetics, drug delivery, scaffolds, fillers, packaging, and engineering structures. Xylan nanoparticles and nano lignin have numerous applications as stabilizers, additives, textiles, adhesives, emulsifiers, and prodrugs for many polyphenols with an encapsulation efficiency of 50%. This study will support the potential development of composites for emerging applications in all aspects of interest and open up novel paths for multifunctional biomaterials in nano-dimensions for cosmetic, drug carrier, and clinical applications.
生物废弃物来源于自然界，是许多微生物中碳和木质素分解酶的良好来源。它们是由木质素、纤维素和半纤维素痕迹组成的复杂生物聚合物。这种生物质可以解聚到纳米尺寸，以获得在化妆品、制药、高强度材料等领域有用的特殊性能。纳米级生物质衍生物克服了母体材料固有的缺点，并以其独特的特性，如低毒性、生物相容性、可生物降解性和环境友好性以及多功能性，为广泛的应用领域提供了有前途的材料。本综述重点介绍了从纳米纤维素、纳米木质素和木聚糖纳米粒子中生产增值产品的情况，这是该领域相当新颖的研究。纳米技术的曙光将生物废物副产品（半纤维素和木质素）转化为许多商业产品的有用前体。纳米纤维素已应用于电子、化妆品、药物输送、支架、填料、包装和工程结构等领域。木聚糖纳米粒子和纳米木质素具有作为稳定剂、添加剂、纺织品、粘合剂、乳化剂和许多多酚的前药的多种应用，其包封效率为 50%。这项研究将支持新兴应用复合材料的潜在发展，涉及各个感兴趣的方面，并为纳米尺寸的多功能生物材料开辟新途径，用于化妆品、药物载体和临床应用。
