School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos, Switzerland.
Chem Soc Rev. 2022 Oct 31;51(21):9068-9126. doi: 10.1039/d2cs00585a.
Metal-organic gels (MOGs) emerged as a novel class of functional soft materials in which the scaffolding framework is fabricated by metal-ligand coordination in combination with other supramolecular interactions (for example, hydrogen bonding or π-π stacking). Through the combination of organic and inorganic (metal/metal-oxo clusters) building blocks, significant steps forward have been made in the development of new electrochemical sensors, superhydrophobic materials and ion storage devices, among others. These leaps forward are to some extend induced by the intrinsic hierarchical microporous/mesoporous pore structure of these metal-organic materials. Within this review we give an overview of recent developments of this growing field. First, we shed light onto the parallels to the well-established field of conventional gels and outline similarities and differences. Afterwards, we classify different types of MOGs according to their architectural/structural nature: (1) pristine MOGs, (2) hybrid MOGs, (3) crosslinking-based MOGs and (4) MOG-derived materials. Furthermore, we look at the different properties of MOGs and the requirements for the preparation of spatially patterned macro-structured MOGs by emerging additive manufacturing technologies. Moreover, different potential fields of application for MOGs and MOG derived materials are critically evaluated and potential improvements and pitfalls in comparison to traditional gel-based materials are given. Finally, a comprehensive outlook into future directions for the development of MOGs is provided.
金属有机凝胶（MOG）作为一类新型功能软材料出现，其支架结构由金属-配体配位结合其他超分子相互作用（例如氢键或π-π堆积）构建而成。通过有机和无机（金属/金属-氧簇）构建块的结合，在新型电化学传感器、超疏水材料和离子存储器件等方面取得了重大进展。这些进展在一定程度上是由这些金属有机材料内在的分级微孔/介孔孔结构引起的。在本综述中，我们概述了这一快速发展领域的最新进展。首先，我们阐明了与成熟的常规凝胶领域的相似之处，并概述了相似点和不同点。然后，我们根据其建筑/结构性质对不同类型的 MOG 进行分类：（1）原始 MOG，（2）混合 MOG，（3）基于交联的 MOG 和（4）MOG 衍生材料。此外，我们研究了 MOG 的不同性质以及通过新兴的增材制造技术制备空间图案化宏观结构 MOG 的要求。此外，我们批判性地评估了 MOG 和 MOG 衍生材料的不同潜在应用领域，并给出了与传统基于凝胶的材料相比的潜在改进和缺陷。最后，我们对 MOG 的未来发展方向进行了全面展望。
