Biswas Tanmoy, Pal Subodh Chandra, Saha Asish
Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, Bardhaman, West Bengal 713104 India.
Sustain Water Resour Manag. 2022;8(6):180. doi: 10.1007/s40899-022-00763-5. Epub 2022 Oct 17.
The COVID-19 situation is a critical state throughout the world that most countries have been forced to implement partial to total lockdown to control the COVID-19 disease outbreak. And displays the natural power to rejuvenate herself without the interference of human beings. So, the top-level emergency response including full quarantine actions are significant measures against the COVID-19 and resulted in a notable reduction in PM in the atmosphere. India was severely attacked by COVID-19, and as a result, the Government of India has imposed a nationwide lockdown from 24th March (2020) to 30th May (2020) in different phases. The COVID-19 outbreak and lockdown had a significant negative impact on India's socioeconomic structure but had a positive impact on environmental sustainability in terms of improved air quality due to the 68 days of the shutdown of India's industrial, commercial, construction, and transportation systems. The current study looked at the spatio-temporal changes in PM concentrations at different air quality monitoring stations (AQMS) in Kolkata during the COVID-19 period. The study revealed that the average concentration of PM (µg/m) was slightly high (139.82) in the pre-lockdown period which was rapidly reduced to 37.77 (72.99% reduction) during the lockdown period and it was further increased (137.11) in post-lockdown period. The study also shows that the average concentration of PM was 66.83 in 2018, which slightly increased to 70.43 (5.39%) in 2019 and dramatically decreased to 37.77 (46.37%) in the year 2020 due to the COVID-19 outbreak and lockdown. The study clearly shows that air quality improves during lockdown periods in Kolkata, but it is not a permanent solution rather than temporary. Therefore, it is necessary to make the proper policies and strategies by policymakers and government authorities, and environmental scientists to maintain such good air quality by controlling several measures of air pollutants.
新冠疫情在全球处于危急状态，多数国家被迫实施部分或全面封锁以控制新冠病毒疾病的爆发。大自然展现出在不受人类干扰的情况下自我恢复活力的力量。因此，包括全面隔离措施在内的最高级别应急响应是应对新冠疫情的重要举措，并使大气中的颗粒物显著减少。印度受到新冠疫情的严重冲击，结果，印度政府于2020年3月24日至5月30日分阶段实施了全国范围的封锁。新冠疫情的爆发和封锁对印度的社会经济结构产生了重大负面影响，但就印度工业、商业、建筑和交通系统停工68天导致空气质量改善而言，对环境可持续性产生了积极影响。当前的研究考察了新冠疫情期间加尔各答不同空气质量监测站（AQMS）的颗粒物浓度的时空变化。研究表明，封锁前时期颗粒物的平均浓度（微克/立方米）略高（139.82），在封锁期间迅速降至37.77（降幅72.99%），在封锁后时期又进一步上升（137.11）。该研究还表明，2018年颗粒物的平均浓度为66.83，2019年略有上升至70.43（升幅5.39%），而由于新冠疫情的爆发和封锁，2020年大幅降至37.77（降幅46.37%）。该研究清楚地表明，加尔各答在封锁期间空气质量得到改善，但这不是一个永久性的解决办法，而是暂时的。因此，政策制定者、政府当局和环境科学家有必要制定适当的政策和战略，通过控制多种空气污染物的措施来维持这种良好的空气质量。
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