Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Infection and Immunology Division, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India.
Department of Microbiology, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, India.
Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. 2022;192(1):205-229. doi: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.07.011. Epub 2022 Aug 30.
Malnutrition is a global health issue and the leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality under 5 years old. Malnutrition comprises undernutrition (stunting, wasting, underweight), overweight, and obesity. Infancy and child malnutrition are substantially influenced by a number of variables, such as insufficient nutrients, early birth, intestinal inflammation, and gastrointestinal tract microbiota. A variety of environmental factors have been identified that modulate the structure and diversity of newborns' gut microbiomes and their long-term health. Significant data demonstrate that the functional potency and compositional diversity of the microbiome differ in different types of malnutrition. The divergence in the gut microbiome composition between malnourished and healthy children can be observed at an age as young as 12 months. This focuses on variations in the gut microbiome that may influence adult obesity/health status, beginning in the early years of life. The therapeutic potential of supporting a healthy microbiome in malnourished children is being studied as a technique to aid in the fight against malnutrition. The goal of this chapter was to determine the makeup of gut microbiota in obese and undernourished children under the age of 5 years.
营养不良是一个全球性的健康问题，也是导致 5 岁以下儿童发病率和死亡率高的主要原因。营养不良包括营养不足（发育迟缓、消瘦、体重过轻）、超重和肥胖。婴儿和儿童的营养不良受到许多因素的影响，如营养不足、早产、肠道炎症和胃肠道微生物群。已经确定了多种环境因素，这些因素可以调节新生儿肠道微生物群的结构和多样性及其长期健康。大量数据表明，不同类型的营养不良会导致肠道微生物群的功能强度和组成多样性不同。在 12 个月大时，就可以观察到营养不良和健康儿童之间肠道微生物群组成的差异。本研究重点关注肠道微生物群的变化，这些变化可能会影响成年人的肥胖/健康状况，而这种影响始于生命的早期。支持营养不良儿童健康微生物群的治疗潜力正作为一种帮助对抗营养不良的技术进行研究。本章的目的是确定 5 岁以下肥胖和营养不良儿童的肠道微生物群组成。
