Marut E L
Postgrad Med. 1987 Sep 15;82(4):66-70. doi: 10.1080/00325481.1987.11699972.
The risks of oral contraceptives are very small, and they cluster in a subset of users, although warning signs of cardiovascular complications must be heeded. The best choice of an oral contraceptive is one with an estrogen content of 30 to 35 micrograms. A greater (50 micrograms) content may be necessary if breakthrough bleeding or amenorrhea persists beyond a few treatment cycles. The starting date for the pill can be up to the sixth day of the cycle. Noncontraceptive benefits of the pill may include a protective effect against endometrial and ovarian malignancy, benign breast disease, and infection of the upper genital tract. Both the contraceptive and noncontraceptive benefits of low-dose combination oral contraceptives are desirable. They far outweigh the risks in women who require a high-efficacy, reversible contraceptive and who have no significant contraindication to use of the pill.
口服避孕药的风险非常小，且集中在一部分使用者中，不过必须留意心血管并发症的警示信号。最佳的口服避孕药选择是雌激素含量为30至35微克的那种。如果突破性出血或闭经持续超过几个治疗周期，可能需要更高（50微克）的含量。开始服用避孕药的时间可以一直到月经周期的第六天。避孕药的非避孕益处可能包括对子宫内膜癌和卵巢癌、良性乳腺疾病以及上生殖道感染的保护作用。低剂量复方口服避孕药的避孕和非避孕益处都是可取的。对于需要高效、可逆避孕方法且对服用避孕药无重大禁忌的女性来说，这些益处远远超过风险。
