Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials and Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials of Jiangsu Province, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.
School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2022 Nov 8;58(89):12418-12430. doi: 10.1039/d2cc04298c.
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensing as a promising and largely developing technique has been widely applied in biological analysis in recent years because of its low background signal and high sensitivity. By utilizing suitable PEC active materials to establish a photoelectric (PE) conversion system, selective and sensitive measurements can be achieved with the help of specific biological recognition elements. PEC biosensors rely on the change of photocurrent that depends on the electron transfer process of nanomaterials. Therefore, the electron manipulation of PEC active nanomaterials is crucial for PEC sensing. In this review, from the perspective of the electron transfer manipulation of PEC active nanomaterials, we summarize the principle of PEC biosensors in three parts, , generation of excited electrons in PEC active materials, introduction of specific materials for the formation of new electron transfer pathways, and separation of excited electrons in semiconductors. For each part, typical PEC biosensors are displayed and compared to reveal the superiority of different principles. In addition, current challenges of PEC biosensors are discussed, and some insight is given into the development of PEC biosensors in the future.
光电化学（PEC）生物传感作为一种很有前途且发展迅速的技术，近年来已广泛应用于生物分析领域，因为它具有背景信号低和灵敏度高的特点。通过利用合适的 PEC 活性材料来建立光电（PE）转换系统，可以借助特定的生物识别元件实现选择性和灵敏性的测量。PEC 生物传感器依赖于光电流的变化，而光电流的变化取决于纳米材料的电子转移过程。因此，PEC 活性纳米材料的电子操纵对于 PEC 传感至关重要。在本综述中，我们从 PEC 活性纳米材料的电子转移操纵的角度出发，总结了 PEC 生物传感器的原理，包括PEC 活性材料中激发电子的产生、形成新电子转移途径的特定材料的引入以及半导体中激发电子的分离。对于每一部分，都展示了典型的 PEC 生物传感器并进行了比较，以揭示不同原理的优越性。此外，还讨论了 PEC 生物传感器当前面临的挑战，并对未来 PEC 生物传感器的发展给出了一些见解。
