Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 81237 Bratislava, Slovakia.
Dipartimento di Chimica Ugo Schiff, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Fi), Italy.
Bioelectrochemistry. 2020 Dec;136:107590. doi: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107590. Epub 2020 Jul 2.
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) analysis is a detection technique that has gained a wide attention in sensing applications. PEC presents the advantages of high sensitivity, low background signal, simple equipment and easy miniaturization. In PEC detection, light is used as an excitation source while current or voltage is measured as the output detection signal. The ability to couple the PEC process with specific bioreceptors gives PEC biosensing a unique advantage of being both selective and sensitive. The growing interest in PEC bioanalysis has resulted in essential progress in its analytical performance and biodetection applications. Functional polymers have different applications in the development of novel PEC biosensing platforms. Recently, the interest in polymer-based photoactive materials has emerged as they are efficient and less toxic alternatives to certain kinds of inorganic semiconductors and sensitizers. Moreover, molecularly imprinted polymers are a class of synthetic bioreceptors that are increasingly used in PEC bioanalytics. In this review, we will provide an overview on functional polymer-based PEC biosensing approaches. Novel classes of polymers as photoactive materials are reviewed and selected applications are described. Furthermore, molecularly imprinted polymers in the development of smart and sensitive PEC bioanalytical strategies are discussed.
光电化学（PEC）分析是一种在传感应用中受到广泛关注的检测技术。PEC 具有灵敏度高、背景信号低、设备简单和易于小型化等优点。在 PEC 检测中，光被用作激发源，而电流或电压被测量为输出检测信号。PEC 过程与特定生物受体的结合能力赋予 PEC 生物传感独特的选择性和灵敏度优势。对 PEC 生物分析的日益关注导致其分析性能和生物检测应用取得了重要进展。功能聚合物在新型 PEC 生物传感平台的开发中有不同的应用。最近，人们对基于聚合物的光活性材料产生了兴趣，因为它们是某些无机半导体和敏化剂的高效且毒性较小的替代品。此外，分子印迹聚合物是一类合成生物受体，越来越多地用于 PEC 生物分析。在这篇综述中，我们将概述基于功能聚合物的 PEC 生物传感方法。综述了新型聚合物类作为光活性材料，并描述了选定的应用。此外，还讨论了分子印迹聚合物在开发智能和灵敏的 PEC 生物分析策略中的应用。
