Sensors and Biosensors Group, Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Faculty of Sciences, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
ACS Sens. 2022 Nov 25;7(11):3318-3325. doi: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01260. Epub 2022 Oct 25.
Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are one of the most important types of antibiotics in the clinical, poultry, and aquaculture industries, and their monitoring is required as the abuse has led to severe issues, such as antibiotic residues and antimicrobial resistance. In this study, we report a voltammetric electronic tongue (ET) for the simultaneous determination of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin in both pharmaceutical and biological samples. The ET comprises four sensors modified with three different customized molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and a nonimprinted polymer integrated with Au nanoparticle-decorated multiwall carbon nanotubes (Au-fMWCNTs). MWCNTs were first functionalized to serve as a supporting substrate, while the anchored Au nanoparticles acted as a catalyst. Subsequently, MIP films were obtained by electropolymerization of pyrrole in the presence of the different target FQs. The sensors' morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, while the modification process was followed electrochemically step by step employing [Fe(CN)] as the redox probe. Under the optimal conditions, the MIP(FQs)@Au-fMWCNT sensors exhibited different responses, limits of detection of . 1 μM, and a wide detection range up to 300 μM for the three FQs. Lastly, the developed ET presents satisfactory agreement between the expected and obtained values when used for the simultaneous determination of mixtures of the three FQs ( ≥0.960, testing subset), which was also applied to the analysis of FQs in commercial pharmaceuticals and spiked human urine samples.
氟喹诺酮类（FQs）是临床、家禽和水产养殖行业中最重要的抗生素类型之一，由于滥用导致抗生素残留和抗药性等严重问题，因此需要对其进行监测。在本研究中，我们报告了一种用于同时测定药物和生物样品中环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星和莫西沙星的电化学电子舌（ET）。ET 由四个传感器组成，这些传感器分别用三种不同的定制分子印迹聚合物（MIP）和一种非印迹聚合物与金纳米粒子修饰的多壁碳纳米管（Au-fMWCNTs）集成。MWCNTs 首先被功能化以作为支撑基底，而锚定的 Au 纳米粒子则作为催化剂。随后，在不同目标 FQs 的存在下，通过吡咯的电聚合获得 MIP 膜。通过扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对传感器的形态进行了表征，而修饰过程则通过电化学逐步进行，采用 [Fe(CN)]作为氧化还原探针。在最佳条件下，MIP(FQs)@Au-fMWCNT 传感器对三种 FQs 表现出不同的响应，检测限低至. 1 μM，检测范围宽达 300 μM。最后，当用于同时测定三种 FQs 的混合物时，所开发的 ET 在预期值和实测值之间具有令人满意的一致性（≥0.960，测试子集），该 ET 还应用于商业药物和加标人尿样中 FQs 的分析。
