Lakatua D J, Nicolau G Y, Bogdan C, Plinga L, Jachimowicz A, Sackett-Lundeen L, Petrescu E, Ungureanu E, Haus E
Prog Clin Biol Res. 1987;227B:31-50.
Urine was collected at 4-hr intervals over a 24-hr span in 87 boys and 106 girls 11 +/- 1.5 years of age and over one or several 24-hr spans in 62 elderly men and in 85 elderly women 77 +/- 8 years of age. Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine were determined by HPLC. The data were analyzed by cosinor and by one-, two-, and three-way ANOVA. Children and elderly subjects showed circadian rhythms of urine volume and of the excretion of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine. While the urine volume was higher in the elderly subjects than in the children, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine excretion in the girls and epinephrine in the boys showed a statistically significantly higher mesor than in the elderly subjects of the same sex. There was a sex difference, with lower values in all variables in the girls and women compared to their male counterparts; the circadian amplitudes of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine in the girls and of epinephrine in the boys were higher than the circadian amplitudes in the elderly subjects. The circadian timing in urinary excretion between the elderly subjects and the children was different, with a consistent phase delay; the acrophase of the circadian rhythm in the elderly subjects moved in the night hours. In contrast, there was no age difference in the acrophase of norepinephrine and epinephrine excretion or in dopamine in the females. In the males, the circadian rhythm in dopamine excretion in the elderly subjects did not quite reach statistical significance at the P less than 0.05 level. Circannual variations with high values in winter and low values in spring and summer were found in norepinephrine excretion in boys, girls, and elderly women, but not in elderly men. In neither age group was there a statistically significant seasonal variation in epinephrine. Only in girls was a statistically significant circannual rhythm in dopamine excretion found, with highest dopamine values in the fall and lowest values in winter and spring.
在87名11±1.5岁的男孩和106名同龄女孩中，在24小时内每隔4小时收集一次尿液；在62名77±8岁的老年男性和85名同龄老年女性中，收集一次或几次24小时的尿液。通过高效液相色谱法测定肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素和多巴胺。数据采用余弦法以及单因素、双因素和三因素方差分析进行分析。儿童和老年受试者的尿量以及去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素和多巴胺的排泄呈现昼夜节律。虽然老年受试者的尿量高于儿童，但女孩和男孩的去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素和多巴胺排泄量以及男孩的肾上腺素排泄量的中值在统计学上显著高于同性别的老年受试者。存在性别差异，女孩和女性的所有变量值均低于男性；女孩和男孩的去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素和多巴胺以及男孩的肾上腺素的昼夜振幅高于老年受试者的昼夜振幅。老年受试者和儿童之间尿液排泄的昼夜时间不同，存在一致的相位延迟；老年受试者昼夜节律的峰值相位在夜间。相比之下，女性去甲肾上腺素和肾上腺素排泄的峰值相位以及多巴胺排泄的峰值相位没有年龄差异。在男性中，老年受试者多巴胺排泄的昼夜节律在P<0.05水平上未达到统计学显著性。在男孩、女孩和老年女性中发现去甲肾上腺素排泄存在年周期变化，冬季值高，春季和夏季值低，但老年男性中未发现。在两个年龄组中，肾上腺素均未发现有统计学显著的季节性变化。仅在女孩中发现多巴胺排泄存在统计学显著的年周期节律，秋季多巴胺值最高，冬季和春季值最低。
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