Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain.
Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Neo Blickagången 16, Huddinge, Sweden.
Int Rev Cell Mol Biol. 2022;373:107-123. doi: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.08.002. Epub 2022 Sep 15.
The therapeutic outcome of multiple anticancer regimens relies upon a fine balance between tumor intrinsic and host-related factors. In this context, qualitative changes in dietary composition as well as alterations in total calorie supply influence essential aspects of cancer biology, spanning from tumor initiation to metastatic spreading. On the one hand, circumstances of nutritional imbalance or excessive calorie intake promote oncogenesis, accelerate tumor progression, and hamper the efficacy of anticancer treatments. On the other hand, approaches based on bulk (e.g., fasting, fasting mimicking diets) or selective (e.g., amino acids) shortage of nutrients are currently in the spotlight for their ability to potentiate the effect of anticancer drugs. While the chemosensitizing effect of fasting has long been attributed to the overdemanding metabolic requirements of neoplastic cells, recent findings suggest that caloric restriction improves the efficacy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy by boosting anticancer immunosurveillance. Here, we provide a critical overview of current preclinical and clinical studies that address the impact of nutritional interventions on the response to cancer therapy, laying particular emphasis on fasting-related interventions.
多种抗癌方案的治疗效果取决于肿瘤内在因素和宿主相关因素之间的微妙平衡。在这种情况下，饮食成分的定性变化以及总热量供应的改变会影响癌症生物学的重要方面，从肿瘤起始到转移扩散。一方面，营养失衡或过度热量摄入的情况会促进肿瘤发生、加速肿瘤进展，并阻碍抗癌治疗的效果。另一方面，基于营养素大量（例如，禁食、模拟禁食饮食）或选择性（例如，氨基酸）缺乏的方法目前备受关注，因为它们能够增强抗癌药物的效果。虽然禁食的化疗增敏作用早已归因于肿瘤细胞过度的代谢需求，但最近的研究结果表明，通过增强抗癌免疫监视，热量限制可以提高化疗和免疫疗法的疗效。在这里，我们对当前涉及营养干预对癌症治疗反应影响的临床前和临床研究进行了批判性综述，特别强调了与禁食相关的干预措施。
