Department of Pathobiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Avian Diseases Research and Diagnostics, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
Arch Razi Inst. 2022 Apr 30;77(2):861-867. doi: 10.22092/ARI.2021.353411.1603. eCollection 2022 Apr.
Avian Influenza Viruses (AIV) are the causative agents of Avian Influenza (AI), which is a contagious and zoonotic disease in birds. Among birds, wild waterfowls and ducks are the primary and natural reservoirs of low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAI). This study aimed to identify and differentiate between two AIV subtypes (i.e., hemagglutinin and neuraminidase from domestic ducks by hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) and neuraminidase inhibition (NI) assays. To this end, 962 cloacal swabs were collected from domestic ducks being sold at different Iranian Live Bird Markets in Gilan, Mazandaran, and Golestan provinces, located at the southern coast of the Caspian Sea. The samples were inoculated in 10-day-old embryonated specific pathogen-free chicken eggs, and subsequently, harvested allantoic fluids were subjected to agar gel immunodiffusion, HI, and NI assays. In total, five positive samples, including two H4N2 and three H3N2 AIV subtypes were identified. Isolation of H4N2 and H3N2 viruses has never been reported from Iranian domestic ducks previously. This finding further suggests the diversity of LPAI viruses in Iranian ducks and also shows that the HI and NI assays are highly efficient in determining AIV subtypes.
禽流感病毒(AIV)是禽流感(AI)的病原体,它是一种在鸟类中具有传染性和人畜共患性的疾病。在鸟类中,野生水禽和鸭子是低致病性禽流感病毒(LPAI)的主要天然宿主。本研究旨在通过血凝抑制(HI)和神经氨酸酶抑制(NI)试验鉴定和区分两种 AIV 亚型(即鸭源的血凝素和神经氨酸酶)。为此,从位于里海南部沿海的吉兰、马赞达兰和戈勒斯坦省不同的伊朗活禽市场收集了 962 份来自家养鸭的泄殖腔拭子。将这些样本接种于 10 日龄的无特定病原体鸡胚中,随后收获所有囊液,进行琼脂凝胶免疫扩散、HI 和 NI 试验。总共鉴定出 5 个阳性样本,包括 2 个 H4N2 和 3 个 H3N2 AIV 亚型。此前从未从伊朗家养鸭中分离到 H4N2 和 H3N2 病毒。这一发现进一步表明了伊朗鸭中 LPAI 病毒的多样性,也表明 HI 和 NI 试验在确定 AIV 亚型方面非常有效。
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