Hayat Asif, Sohail Muhammad, Anwar Usama, Taha T A, Qazi H I A, Ajmal Zeeshan, Al-Sehemi Abdullah G, Algarni Hamed, Al-Ghamdi Ahmed A, Amin Mohammed A, Palamanit Arkom, Nawawi W I, Newair Emad F, Orooji Yasin
College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, Zhejiang, PR, China.
College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
Chem Rec. 2023 Jan;23(1):e202200143. doi: 10.1002/tcr.202200143. Epub 2022 Oct 26.
The increasing demand for searching highly efficient and robust technologies in the context of sustainable energy production totally rely onto the cost-effective energy efficient production technologies. Solar power technology in this regard will perceived to be extensively employed in a variety of ways in the future ahead, in terms of the combustion of petroleum-based pollutants, CO reduction, heterogeneous photocatalysis, as well as the formation of unlimited and sustainable hydrogen gas production. Semiconductor-based photocatalysis is regarded as potentially sustainable solution in this context. g-C N is classified as non-metallic semiconductor to overcome this energy demand and enviromental challenges, because of its superior electronic configuration, which has a median band energy of around 2.7 eV, strong photocatalytic stability, and higher light performance. The photocatalytic performance of g-C N is perceived to be inadequate, owing to its small surface area along with high rate of charge recombination. However, various synthetic strategies were applied in order to incorporate g-C N with different guest materials to increase photocatalytic performance. After these fabrication approaches, the photocatalytic activity was enhanced owing to generation of photoinduced electrons and holes, by improving light absorption ability, and boosting surface area, which provides more space for photocatalytic reaction. In this review, various metals, non-metals, metals oxide, sulfides, and ferrites have been integrated with g-C N to form mono, bimetallic, heterojunction, Z-scheme, and S-scheme-based materials for boosting performance. Also, different varieties of g-C N were utilized for different aspects of photocatalytic application i. e., water reduction, water oxidation, CO reduction, and photodegradation of dye pollutants, etc. As a consequence, we have assembled a summary of the latest g-C N based materials, their uses in solar energy adaption, and proper management of the environment. This research will further well explain the detail of the mechanism of all these photocatalytic processes for the next steps, as well as the age number of new insights in order to overcome the current challenges.
在可持续能源生产背景下，对高效且强大技术的需求不断增加，这完全依赖于具有成本效益的节能生产技术。在这方面，太阳能技术在未来有望以多种方式得到广泛应用，包括燃烧石油基污染物、减少一氧化碳排放、多相光催化以及形成无限且可持续的氢气生产。基于半导体的光催化在此背景下被视为一种潜在的可持续解决方案。g-C₃N₄被归类为非金属半导体，因其具有优越的电子构型，中位带隙能量约为2.7 eV，光催化稳定性强且光性能较高，从而能够克服能源需求和环境挑战。然而，由于其表面积小以及电荷复合率高，g-C₃N₄的光催化性能被认为是不足的。不过，人们应用了各种合成策略，将g-C₃N₄与不同的客体材料结合，以提高光催化性能。经过这些制备方法后，通过提高光吸收能力、增加表面积，为光催化反应提供更多空间，从而产生光生电子和空穴，增强了光催化活性。在本综述中，各种金属、非金属、金属氧化物、硫化物和铁氧体已与g-C₃N₄整合，形成基于单金属、双金属、异质结、Z型和S型的材料，以提高性能。此外，不同种类的g-C₃N₄被用于光催化应用的不同方面，即水还原、水氧化、一氧化碳还原以及染料污染物的光降解等。因此，我们总结了最新的基于g-C₃N₄的材料、它们在太阳能应用中的用途以及对环境的合理管理。这项研究将进一步详细解释所有这些光催化过程的机制，为下一步提供新的见解，以克服当前的挑战。
