Dirzyte Aiste, Antanaitis Faustas, Patapas Aleksandras
Institute of Psychology, Mykolas Romeris University, Ateities 20, LT-08303 Vilnius, Lithuania.
Institute of Public Administration, Mykolas Romeris University, Ateities 20, LT-08303 Vilnius, Lithuania.
Behav Sci (Basel). 2022 Sep 22;12(10):351. doi: 10.3390/bs12100351.
This study intended to explore the role of personality traits and basic psychological needs in law enforcement officers' ability to recognize emotions: anger, joy, sadness, fear, surprise, disgust, and neutral. It was significant to analyze law enforcement officers' emotion recognition and the contributing factors, as this field has been under-researched despite increased excessive force use by officers in many countries.
This study applied the Big Five-2 (BFI-2), the Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (BPNSFS), and the Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces set of stimuli (KDEF). The data was gathered using an online questionnaire provided directly to law enforcement agencies. A total of 154 law enforcement officers participated in the study, 50.65% were females, and 49.35% were males. The mean age was 41.2 (age range = 22-61). In order to analyze the data, SEM and multiple linear regression methods were used.
This study analyzed variables of motion recognition, personality traits, and needs satisfaction and confirmed that law enforcement officers' personality traits play a significant role in emotion recognition. Respondents' agreeableness significantly predicted increased overall emotion recognition; conscientiousness predicted increased anger recognition; joy recognition was significantly predicted by extraversion, neuroticism, and agreeableness. This study also confirmed that law enforcement officers' basic psychological needs satisfaction/frustration play a significant role in emotion recognition. Respondents' relatedness satisfaction significantly predicted increased overall emotion recognition, fear recognition, joy recognition, and sadness recognition. Relatedness frustration significantly predicted decreased anger recognition, surprise recognition, and neutral face recognition. Furthermore, this study confirmed links between law enforcement officers' personality traits, satisfaction/frustration of basic psychological needs, and emotion recognition, χ2 = 57.924; df = 41; = 0.042; TLI = 0.929; CFI = 0.956; RMSEA = 0.042 [0.009-0.065].
The findings suggested that agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion, and neuroticism play an essential role in satisfaction and frustration of relatedness needs, which, subsequently, link to emotion recognition. Due to the relatively small sample size, the issues of validity/reliability of some instruments, and other limitations, the results of this study should preferably be regarded with concern.
本研究旨在探讨人格特质和基本心理需求在执法人员情绪识别能力（愤怒、喜悦、悲伤、恐惧、惊讶、厌恶和中性情绪）中的作用。分析执法人员的情绪识别及其影响因素具有重要意义，因为尽管许多国家执法人员过度使用武力的情况有所增加，但该领域的研究仍不足。
本研究采用了大五人格量表第二版（BFI - 2）、基本心理需求满足与挫折量表（BPNSFS）以及卡罗林斯卡定向情绪面孔刺激集（KDEF）。数据通过直接提供给执法机构的在线问卷收集。共有154名执法人员参与了该研究，其中50.65%为女性，49.35%为男性。平均年龄为41.2岁（年龄范围 = 22 - 61岁）。为了分析数据，使用了结构方程模型（SEM）和多元线性回归方法。
本研究分析了情绪识别、人格特质和需求满足的变量，并证实执法人员的人格特质在情绪识别中起着重要作用。受访者的宜人性显著预测了整体情绪识别能力的提高；尽责性预测了愤怒识别能力的提高；外向性、神经质和宜人性显著预测了喜悦识别能力。本研究还证实执法人员的基本心理需求满足/挫折在情绪识别中起着重要作用。受访者的关系满足感显著预测了整体情绪识别能力、恐惧识别能力、喜悦识别能力和悲伤识别能力的提高。关系挫折显著预测了愤怒识别能力、惊讶识别能力和中性面孔识别能力的下降。此外，本研究证实了执法人员的人格特质、基本心理需求的满足/挫折与情绪识别之间的联系，χ2 = 57.924；df = 41； = 0.042；TLI = 0.929；CFI = 0.956；RMSEA = 0.042 [0.009 - 0.065]。
研究结果表明，宜人性、尽责性、外向性和神经质在关系需求的满足和挫折中起着至关重要的作用，进而与情绪识别相关联。由于样本量相对较小、一些工具的效度/信度问题以及其他局限性，本研究的结果应谨慎看待。
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