Li Ling, Feng Zhixian, Zhu Mingling, Yang Jialu, Yang Lili
School of nursing, Zhejiang Shuren University, 8 Shuren Road, 310015, Hangzhou, ZheJiang, PR China.
School of nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Bin-wen Road, 310053, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
BMC Nurs. 2023 Nov 22;22(1):440. doi: 10.1186/s12912-023-01603-3.
Nursing work is a work with high-stress load, and nurses with different personality may have different subjective feelings about their workload. Therefore, it is particularly necessary to comprehend the perceived professional benefits of nurses engaged in nursing work under high-pressure background, especially during the epidemic period. This study explored the relationship between mental workload, personality, and perceived professional benefits of nurses, and offer advices for the intervention of nurses with different personality to improve their perceived professional benefits.
In this study, we used a cross-sectional study with a convenient sampling. 473 in-service nurses in Class A tertiary hospitals of Zhejiang Province were recruited by using the NASA Mission Load Index scale of nurses, the brief version of China's Big Five Personality Questionnaire, and the Nurses' perceived professional benefits questionnaire from July 2020 to March 2021. Sample size is 54.91%, and the response rate is 100%. Cronbach's alpha method was used to evaluate the reliability of the instruments. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to describe the socio-demographic data of the subject, and scores for research variables. The Mann-Whitney U-test, and Kruskal-Wallis H rank-sum test were used to compare the scores of perceived professional benefits with different demographic characteristics. Correlation analysis results were presented as the Spearman correlation coefficient. The plug-in v2.16.3 provided by SPSS software was used for linear regression analysis, and the deviation-corrected percentile Bootstrap method was used to examine the mediating role of personality (neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness and extroversion).
Age, length of service in nursing, and record of formal schooling can affect nurses' perceived professional benefits. Mental workload, and perceived professional benefits were all above the median value. The mental workload was negatively correlated with perceived professional benefits (r= -0.129, P < 0.01), positively correlated with neuroticism (r = 0.242, P < 0.01), negatively correlated with agreeableness, openness, extroversion (r=-0.229~-0.221, P < 0.01), and negatively correlated with conscientiousness, but the differences were not significant. Nurses' perceived professional benefits were negatively correlated neuroticism (r=-0.109, P < 0.05), but positively associated with conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness, and extroversion (r = 0.098 ~ 0.326, P < 0.05). The mental workload can directly affect the perceived professional benefits in the direct effects, and can also affect the it through the mediating effect of agreeableness, extroversion, neuroticism, and openness.
Age, length of service in nursing, and record of formal schooling could affect nurses' perceived professional benefits, and personality played a partial mediating role in the influence of mental workload on the perceived professional benefits. The results of this study can provide strategies for nurses' human resource management. According to different demographic factors, and personality, various measures should be taken to guide nurses to evaluate the mental workload correctly, reduce their emotional pressure, increase job resources, and improve their perceived professional benefits.
护理工作是一项高压力负荷的工作，不同性格的护士对其工作量可能有不同的主观感受。因此，了解在高压背景下，尤其是疫情期间，从事护理工作的护士所感知到的职业益处尤为必要。本研究探讨护士的心理工作量、性格与感知到的职业益处之间的关系，并为针对不同性格的护士进行干预以提高其感知到的职业益处提供建议。
本研究采用方便抽样的横断面研究。2020年7月至2021年3月，使用护士的美国国家航空航天局任务负荷指数量表、中国大五人格问卷简版和护士感知职业益处问卷，招募了浙江省三级甲等医院的473名在职护士。样本量为54.91%，应答率为100%。采用克朗巴哈α系数法评估工具的信度。描述性统计分析用于描述研究对象的社会人口学数据以及研究变量的得分。采用曼-惠特尼U检验和克鲁斯卡尔-沃利斯H秩和检验比较不同人口学特征的护士感知职业益处得分。相关性分析结果以斯皮尔曼相关系数表示。使用SPSS软件提供的插件v2.16.3进行线性回归分析，并采用偏差校正百分位Bootstrap法检验性格（神经质、尽责性、宜人性、开放性和外向性）的中介作用。
年龄、护理工作年限和学历会影响护士感知到的职业益处。心理工作量和感知到的职业益处均高于中位数。心理工作量与感知到的职业益处呈负相关（r = -0.129，P < 0.01），与神经质呈正相关（r = 0.242，P < 0.01），与宜人性、开放性、外向性呈负相关（r = -0.229~ -0.221，P < 0.01），与尽责性呈负相关，但差异无统计学意义。护士感知到的职业益处与神经质呈负相关（r = -0.109，P < 0.05），但与尽责性、宜人性、开放性和外向性呈正相关（r = 0.098~0.326，P < 0.05）。心理工作量在直接效应中可直接影响感知到的职业益处，也可通过宜人性、外向性、神经质和开放性的中介作用影响其感知到的职业益处。
年龄、护理工作年限和学历会影响护士感知到的职业益处，性格在心理工作量对感知到的职业益处的影响中起部分中介作用。本研究结果可为护士人力资源管理提供策略。应根据不同的人口学因素和性格，采取多种措施引导护士正确评估心理工作量，减轻其情绪压力，增加工作资源，提高其感知到的职业益处。
