Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State Universitygrid.261331.4, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
College of Public Health, The Ohio State Universitygrid.261331.4, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2022 Nov 22;88(22):e0121722. doi: 10.1128/aem.01217-22. Epub 2022 Oct 26.
Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) after joint replacement is a major clinical issue requiring multiple surgeries and antibiotic interventions. Recent research has shown that PJI staphylococcal strains rapidly form antibiotic-resistant free-floating aggregates in the presence of bovine synovial fluid (BSF). Staphylococcal aggregates are also present in human PJI joint fluid. However, the influence of surface roughness and fluid shear on the attachment and retention of such aggregates on surfaces is not known. Our aim was to assess how surface roughness and fluid shear stress influenced the attachment and retention of Staphylococcus aureus BSF-mediated aggregates on smooth- and rough-patterned titanium in flow cells compared to nonaggregated cells. The attachment of S. aureus aggregates was significantly greater than that of single cells but was independent of surface roughness; however, on the patterned surfaces, aggregates preferentially accumulated in the grooves. Fibrous components in the BSF were also colocalized with the grooves. After a 24-h attachment-and-incubation period, different shear stresses were applied. There was significant detachment from flat surfaces at a flow rate of 1 mL/min (τ = 0.0012 Pa) but minimal detachment from the patterned surfaces, even at flow rates as high as 13.9 mL/min (τ = 0.0169 Pa). The retention of bacterial aggregates and biofilms on rough surfaces exposed to shear might be an important consideration for the location of colonization on orthopedic implants, which can have wide ranges of roughness and surface features and can influence the efficacy of shear-based debridement methods such as pulse lavage. Periprosthetic joint infections occurring after joint replacement are a major clinical problem requiring repeated surgeries and antibiotic interventions. Staphylococcus aureus is the most prominent bacterium causing most implant-related infections. S. aureus can form a biofilm, which is defined as a group of attached bacteria with the formation of an envelope that is resistant to antibiotics. The attachment and retention of these bacteria on implant surfaces are not clearly understood. Recent research investigations have shown that staphylococcal strains rapidly form aggregates in the presence of bovine synovial fluid (BSF) in the joints, which allows bacteria time to attach to the implant surface, leading to biofilm formation. Thus, in this study, we examined the attachment of aggregates on titanium surfaces with varying roughnesses and found robust bacterial attachment and retention along the ridges and grooves, which colocalized with the deposition of fibrous components present in the BSF.
关节置换术后的假体周围关节感染（PJI）是一个重大的临床问题，需要多次手术和抗生素干预。最近的研究表明，在牛滑膜液（BSF）存在的情况下，PJI 葡萄球菌株迅速形成具有抗生素抗性的游离聚集物。葡萄球菌聚集物也存在于人类 PJI 关节液中。然而，表面粗糙度和流体切应力对这些聚集物在表面上的附着和保留的影响尚不清楚。我们的目的是评估表面粗糙度和流体切应力如何影响光滑和粗糙图案钛在流动细胞中对金黄色葡萄球菌 BSF 介导的聚集物的附着和保留，与非聚集细胞相比。金黄色葡萄球菌聚集物的附着明显大于单个细胞，但与表面粗糙度无关；然而，在图案化表面上，聚集物优先在凹槽中积累。BSF 中的纤维成分也与凹槽共定位。在 24 小时的附着和孵育期后，施加不同的剪切应力。在流速为 1 mL/min（τ=0.0012 Pa）时，从平面表面显著脱落，但从图案化表面几乎没有脱落，即使流速高达 13.9 mL/min（τ=0.0169 Pa）。在剪切作用下，粗糙表面上细菌聚集物和生物膜的保留可能是骨科植入物定植位置的一个重要考虑因素，骨科植入物的表面粗糙度和表面特征范围很广，会影响基于剪切的清创方法（如脉冲冲洗）的效果。关节置换术后发生的假体周围关节感染是一个重大的临床问题，需要反复手术和抗生素干预。金黄色葡萄球菌是引起大多数植入物相关感染的最主要细菌。金黄色葡萄球菌可以形成生物膜，生物膜被定义为一组附着的细菌，形成对抗生素有抗性的包膜。这些细菌在植入物表面的附着和保留尚不清楚。最近的研究表明，在关节中的牛滑膜液（BSF）存在的情况下，葡萄球菌株迅速形成聚集物，这使细菌有时间附着在植入物表面，导致生物膜形成。因此，在这项研究中，我们检查了不同粗糙度钛表面上聚集物的附着，发现沿着脊和槽有强大的细菌附着和保留，这与 BSF 中存在的纤维成分的沉积共定位。
