Viviane Ndoungué Fossouo, MPH, is an Epidemiologist and Head of Section, IHR Implementation Program, National Public Health Observatory, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Mohamed Moctar Mouliom Mouiche, DVM, PhD, is Country Team Lead, USAID Infectious Disease Detection and Surveillance Project, ICF Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Health Secur. 2022 Sep-Oct;20(5):424-434. doi: 10.1089/hs.2022.0032.
The health security planning process transforms recommendations from various evaluations into priority actions to strengthen countries' capacity for emergency preparedness using the One Health approach. Although the World Health Organization (WHO) has developed many tools to facilitate the planning process of a National Action Plan for Health Security (NAPHS) across the various components, a series of multisectoral workshops is still needed to complete the process. In this article, we report on the process of developing Cameroon's NAPHS and propose an innovative solution to improve the process. The NAPHS development process was conducted from May to December 2018. The WHO NAPHS framework, adapted to the local context, guided the process. The WHO planning matrix was used to plan activities and the WHO NAPHS costing tool was used to facilitate the costing exercise. A total of 84 Joint External Evaluation recommendations were translated into activities included in Cameroon's NAPHS. Among these activities, the majority (56%) were of medium priority. The total cost of a 5-year NAPHS was US$87,668,356, with almost half (49%) of the budget allocated to activities in the "Prevent" category and more than a third (35%) allocated to the "Detect" category. The top 3 cost drivers were immunization (22%), the national laboratory system (21%), and antimicrobial resistance (16%). The NAPHS informed policymakers of planned activities and funding needs to fast-track the development of health security capacities. Running gaps in funding will be addressed during a resource mapping exercise. To improve the overall planning process, a web-based support solution, where stakeholders select from a menu of recommendations from the Joint External Evaluation to develop a NAPHS, should be developed to improve the NAPHS development process.
卫生安全规划流程利用“同一健康”方法，将来自不同评估的建议转化为加强国家应急准备能力的优先行动。虽然世界卫生组织（WHO）已经开发了许多工具，以促进各国在各个组成部分制定国家卫生安全行动计划（NAPHS）的规划流程，但仍需要一系列多部门研讨会来完成这一流程。在本文中，我们报告了喀麦隆制定 NAPHS 的流程，并提出了改进该流程的创新解决方案。NAPHS 的制定流程于 2018 年 5 月至 12 月进行。WHO 的 NAPHS 框架，根据当地情况进行了调整，指导了这一流程。WHO 规划矩阵用于规划活动，而 WHO 的 NAPHS 成本核算工具则用于便利成本核算工作。总共将 84 项联合外部评估建议转化为纳入喀麦隆 NAPHS 的活动。在这些活动中，大多数（56%）属于中等优先级别。5 年 NAPHS 的总成本为 8766.8356 亿美元，其中近一半（49%）的预算分配给了“预防”类别中的活动，超过三分之一（35%）分配给了“检测”类别。前三大成本驱动因素是免疫接种（22%）、国家实验室系统（21%）和抗微生物药物耐药性（16%）。NAPHS 为决策者提供了计划活动和资金需求的信息，以加快卫生安全能力的发展。在资源映射活动期间，将解决资金缺口问题。为了改进整体规划流程，应开发一个基于网络的支持解决方案，利益相关者可以从联合外部评估的建议菜单中进行选择，以制定 NAPHS，以改进 NAPHS 的制定流程。
