Physical Activity for Health Research Cluster, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland.
Health Promot Int. 2022 Oct 1;37(5). doi: 10.1093/heapro/daac131.
Whole-of-school programmes (WSPs) are recommended to promote physical activity for adolescents. The Active School Flag (ASF) programme for secondary-level schools is one such WSP. Due to the difficulties of incorporating WSPs into the complex school system, there is a risk of poor implementation. The monitoring of unanticipated influences can help to understand key implementation processes prior to scale-up. The aims of this study were to identify perceived facilitators and barriers to implementing the ASF and recommend evidence-based implementation strategies. Focus groups and interviews (N = 50) were conducted in three schools with stakeholders involved in programme implementation, i.e. school management (n = 5), ASF coordinator (n = 4), student-leaders (aged 15-16 years) (n = 64) and staff committee (n = 25). Transcripts were analysed using codebook thematic analysis and were guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Implementation strategies were identified and were selected systematically to address contextual needs. Three themes surrounding the facilitators and barriers to implementation were generated: intervention design factors (e.g. capacity building and knowledge of implementers; and interest and buy-in for the programme), organizational factors (e.g. optimization of people and the busy school environment) and interpersonal factors (e.g. communication and collaboration). The examination of facilitators and barriers to implementation of the ASF has assisted with the identification of implementation strategies including (not limited to) a shared leadership programme for student leaders and a more flexible timeline for completion. These facilitative implementation strategies may assist in the effective implementation of the ASF.
学校整体计划（WSP）被推荐用于促进青少年的身体活动。中学的活力校园旗帜（ASF）计划就是这样的 WSP 之一。由于将 WSP 纳入复杂的学校系统存在困难，因此存在实施不力的风险。对意外影响的监测有助于在扩大规模之前了解关键的实施过程。本研究的目的是确定实施 ASF 的感知促进因素和障碍，并提出基于证据的实施策略。在三所学校与参与计划实施的利益相关者（即学校管理层（n = 5）、ASF 协调员（n = 4）、学生领袖（15-16 岁）（n = 64）和工作人员委员会（n = 25））进行了焦点小组和访谈。使用代码本主题分析对转录本进行了分析，并遵循了实施研究的综合框架。确定了实施策略，并系统地选择了这些策略来满足背景需求。产生了围绕实施促进因素和障碍的三个主题：干预设计因素（例如，实施者的能力建设和知识；以及对计划的兴趣和认同）、组织因素（例如，人员和忙碌的学校环境的优化）和人际因素（例如，沟通和合作）。对 ASF 实施的促进因素和障碍的检查有助于确定实施策略，包括（但不限于）为学生领袖制定共同领导计划，以及更灵活的完成时间表。这些促进实施的策略可能有助于 ASF 的有效实施。
