加拿大自行车道舒适度和安全性指标（Can-BICS）：用于研究和政策的自行车环境国家测量指标。

The Canadian Bikeway Comfort and Safety metrics (Can-BICS): National measures of the bicycling environment for use in research and policy.

机构信息

Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia.

Department of Geography, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec.

出版信息

Health Rep. 2022 Oct 19;33(10):3-13. doi: 10.25318/82-003-x202201000001-eng.

DOI:10.25318/82-003-x202201000001-eng

PMID:36287574

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The lack of consistent measures of the cycling environment across communities hampers cycling research and policy action. Our goal was to develop the first national dataset in Canada for metrics of the cycling environment at the dissemination area (DA) level - the Canadian Bikeway Comfort and Safety (Can-BICS) metrics.

DATA AND METHODS

The Can-BICS metrics are area-level metrics based on the quantity of cycling infrastructure within a 1 km buffer of the population-weighted centroid of DAs. The base data are a national cycling network dataset derived from OpenStreetMap (OSM) (extracted January 25, 2022) and classified by high-, medium- and low-comfort facilities. A Can-BICS continuous metric (sum of cycling infrastructure per square kilometre weighted by comfort class) and Can-BICS categorical metric were derived and mapped for all 56,589 DAs in Canada. The Can-BICS metrics were correlated with other national datasets (2016 Canadian Active Living Environments [Can-ALE] and 2016 Census journey-to-work data) to test for associations between Can-BICS and related measures. Additionally, city staff were engaged to provide feedback on metrics during the development phase.

RESULTS

One-third (34%) of neighbourhoods in Canada have no cycling infrastructure. According to the categorical measure, 5% of all DAs were assigned as the highest category of Can-BICS (corresponding to 6% of the population) and were nearly all within metro areas. The Can-BICS continuous metric had low correlation with bike-to-work rates (R = 0.29) and was more strongly correlated with sustainable-transportation-to-work rates (R = 0.56) and the Can-ALE metrics (R=0.62). These correlations were variable across cities.

INTERPRETATION

The Can-BICS metrics provide national research- and practice-ready measures of cycling infrastructure. The metrics complement existing measures of walking and transit environments (Can-ALE), collectively providing a cohesive set of active living measures. The datasets and code are publicly available, facilitating updates as new infrastructure is built.

摘要

背景

由于缺乏社区间一致的骑行环境衡量标准，骑行研究和政策制定工作受到阻碍。我们的目标是在加拿大开发首个国家级数据集，用于衡量传播区域（DA）层面的骑行环境指标，即加拿大自行车道舒适度和安全性（Can-BICS）指标。

数据和方法

Can-BICS 指标是基于 DA 人口加权质心 1 公里缓冲区范围内的骑行基础设施数量的区域层面指标。基础数据是一个源自 OpenStreetMap（OSM）的全国性骑行网络数据集（于 2022 年 1 月 25 日提取），并按高、中、低舒适度设施进行分类。我们得出了 Can-BICS 连续指标（按舒适度级别加权的每平方公里骑行基础设施数量之和）和 Can-BICS 分类指标，并对加拿大所有 56589 个 DA 进行了绘制。我们还将 Can-BICS 指标与其他国家级数据集（2016 年加拿大积极生活环境[Can-ALE]和 2016 年人口普查工作出行数据）进行了相关性分析，以检验 Can-BICS 与相关指标之间的关联。此外，在开发阶段，我们还邀请了城市工作人员就指标提供反馈。

结果

加拿大三分之一（34%）的社区没有骑行基础设施。根据分类指标，5%的 DA 被划分为 Can-BICS 的最高类别（对应 6%的人口），而且几乎都在大都市区内。Can-BICS 连续指标与自行车通勤率的相关性较低（R=0.29），与可持续交通通勤率（R=0.56）和 Can-ALE 指标的相关性更高（R=0.62）。这些相关性在不同城市之间存在差异。