Zhang Xiaodong
EPC Imaging Center and Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood RD, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
Vet Sci. 2022 Sep 22;9(10):516. doi: 10.3390/vetsci9100516.
Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are the closest living relatives of humans and play a critical and unique role in neuroscience research and pharmaceutical development. General anesthesia is usually required in neuroimaging studies of NHPs to keep the animal from stress and motion. However, the adverse effects of anesthesia on cerebral physiology and neural activity are pronounced and can compromise the data collection and interpretation. Functional connectivity is frequently examined using resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI) to assess the functional abnormality in the animal brain under anesthesia. The fMRI signal can be dramatically suppressed by most anesthetics in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, rsfMRI studies may be further compromised by inter-subject variations when the sample size is small (as seen in most neuroscience studies of NHPs). Therefore, proper use of anesthesia is strongly demanded to ensure steady and consistent physiology maintained during rsfMRI data collection of each subject. The aim of this review is to summarize typical anesthesia used in rsfMRI scans of NHPs and the effects of anesthetics on cerebral physiology and functional connectivity. Moreover, the protocols with optimal rsfMRI data acquisition and anesthesia procedures for functional connectivity study of macaque monkeys are introduced.
非人灵长类动物（NHPs）是人类现存的近亲，在神经科学研究和药物开发中发挥着关键且独特的作用。在对非人灵长类动物进行神经成像研究时，通常需要全身麻醉以使动物免受应激和运动影响。然而，麻醉对大脑生理学和神经活动的不良影响较为显著，可能会影响数据的收集和解读。静息态功能磁共振成像（rsfMRI）常被用于检测功能连接性，以评估麻醉状态下动物大脑的功能异常。大多数麻醉剂会以剂量依赖的方式显著抑制功能磁共振成像信号。此外，当样本量较小时（如大多数非人灵长类动物神经科学研究中所见），rsfMRI研究可能会因个体差异而受到进一步影响。因此，在每个受试者进行rsfMRI数据采集期间，强烈需要合理使用麻醉以确保维持稳定且一致的生理状态。本综述旨在总结非人灵长类动物rsfMRI扫描中使用的典型麻醉方法以及麻醉剂对大脑生理学和功能连接性的影响。此外，还介绍了用于猕猴功能连接性研究的具有最佳rsfMRI数据采集和麻醉程序的方案。
