Park Moon Nyeo, Rahman Md Ataur, Rahman Md Hasanur, Kim Jong Woo, Choi Min, Kim Jeong Woo, Choi Jinwon, Moon Myunghan, Ahmed Kazi Rejvee, Kim Bonglee
Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2022 Oct 17;11(10):2041. doi: 10.3390/antiox11102041.
Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles that play a role in ATP synthesis, calcium homeostasis, oxidation-reduction status, apoptosis, and inflammation. Several human disorders have been linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. It has been found that traditional therapeutic herbs are effective on alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which are leading causes of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to oxidative stress is caused by mitochondrial dysfunction and is considered critical for treatment. The role of oxidative stress, lipid toxicity, and inflammation in NAFLD are well known. NAFLD is a chronic liver disease that commonly progresses to cirrhosis and chronic liver disease, and people with obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension are at a higher risk of developing NAFLD. NAFLD is associated with a number of pathological factors, including insulin resistance, lipid metabolic dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis. As a result, the improvement in steatosis and inflammation is enough to entice researchers to look into liver disease treatment. However, antioxidant treatment has not been very effective for liver disease. Additionally, it has been suggested that the beneficial effects of herbal medicines on immunity and inflammation are governed by various mechanisms for lipid metabolism and inflammation control. This review provided a summary of research on herbal medicines for the therapeutic implementation of mitochondria-mediated ROS production in liver disease as well as clinical applications through herbal medicine. In addition, the pathophysiology of common liver disorders such as ALD and NAFLD would be investigated in the role that mitochondria play in the process to open new therapeutic avenues in the management of patients with liver disease.
线粒体是具有双层膜的细胞器，在三磷酸腺苷（ATP）合成、钙稳态、氧化还原状态、细胞凋亡和炎症中发挥作用。几种人类疾病已被证明与线粒体功能障碍有关。研究发现，传统治疗草药对酒精性肝病（ALD）和非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）有效，这两种疾病是肝硬化和肝细胞癌的主要病因。线粒体功能障碍会导致氧化应激反应中产生活性氧（ROS），这一过程被认为对治疗至关重要。氧化应激、脂质毒性和炎症在NAFLD中的作用已为人所知。NAFLD是一种慢性肝病，通常会发展为肝硬化和慢性肝病，肥胖、胰岛素抵抗、糖尿病、高脂血症和高血压患者患NAFLD的风险更高。NAFLD与多种病理因素有关，包括胰岛素抵抗、脂质代谢功能障碍、氧化应激、炎症、细胞凋亡和纤维化。因此，脂肪变性和炎症的改善足以吸引研究人员探索肝病治疗方法。然而，抗氧化治疗对肝病的效果并不理想。此外，有研究表明，草药对免疫和炎症的有益作用受脂质代谢和炎症控制的多种机制影响。本综述总结了草药在肝病治疗中通过线粒体介导的ROS生成的治疗应用以及临床应用方面的研究。此外，还将研究ALD和NAFLD等常见肝病的病理生理学，以及线粒体在这一过程中所起的作用，为肝病患者的治疗开辟新的途径。
