Dayan Haym, Khoury-Kassabri Mona, Pollak Yehuda
Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190501, Israel.
Seymour Fox School of Education, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190501, Israel.
Brain Sci. 2022 Oct 3;12(10):1336. doi: 10.3390/brainsci12101336.
Numerous studies have established the link between ADHD and antisocial behavior, one of the most serious functional impairments caused by the disorder. However, research on protective factors that mitigate this link is still lacking. The Salutogenic Model of Health offers the “Sense of Coherence” (SOC), establishing that individuals who see their lives as logical, meaningful, and manageable are more resistant to various risk factors and diseases. The present study examines for the first time whether SOC is also a protective factor against different ADHD-related types of antisocial behaviors (severe/mild violent behavior, verbal violence, property crimes, public disorder, and drug abuse). A total of 3180 participants aged 15−50 completed online questionnaires assessing the level of ADHD symptoms, antisocial behaviors, and SOC. Structural equation modeling was applied to examine the research hypothesis. An interaction between ADHD symptoms and SOC was found in predicting each type of antisocial behavior (beta = −0.06−−0.17, p < 0.01). The link between ADHD symptoms and antisocial behavior was significantly weaker for high than low SOC participants, regardless of age group. The current study found that people with high SOC are protected against the effect of ADHD symptoms on one of the most serious functional impairments, antisocial behavior. These findings suggest that SOC is a protective factor from the adverse effects of ADHD symptoms, justifying further prospective and intervention studies.
众多研究已证实注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）与反社会行为之间存在关联，反社会行为是该障碍导致的最严重的功能损害之一。然而，关于减轻这种关联的保护因素的研究仍很缺乏。健康的 salutogenic 模型提出了“连贯感”（SOC），即认为自己的生活具有逻辑性、意义性和可控性的个体对各种风险因素和疾病更具抵抗力。本研究首次考察连贯感是否也是针对不同类型ADHD相关反社会行为（严重/轻度暴力行为、言语暴力、财产犯罪、公共秩序混乱和药物滥用）的保护因素。共有3180名年龄在15至50岁之间的参与者完成了在线问卷，评估ADHD症状水平、反社会行为和连贯感。应用结构方程模型来检验研究假设。在预测每种反社会行为时，发现ADHD症状与连贯感之间存在交互作用（β = -0.06至-0.17，p < 0.01）。无论年龄组如何，对于高连贯感参与者，ADHD症状与反社会行为之间的联系明显弱于低连贯感参与者。当前研究发现，高连贯感的人能够免受ADHD症状对最严重功能损害之一——反社会行为的影响。这些发现表明，连贯感是防止ADHD症状产生不利影响的保护因素，这为进一步的前瞻性研究和干预研究提供了依据。
