Tronchoni Jordi, Setati Mathabatha Evodia, Fracassetti Daniela, Valdetara Federica, Maghradze David, Foschino Roberto, Curiel Jose Antonio, Morales Pilar, Gonzalez Ramon, Vigentini Ileana, Bauer Florian Franz
Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University, 46002 Valencia, Spain.
South African Grape and Wine Research Institute, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa.
J Fungi (Basel). 2022 Sep 29;8(10):1034. doi: 10.3390/jof8101034.
Microbial diversity in vineyards and in grapes has generated significant scientific interest. From a biotechnological perspective, vineyard and grape biodiversity has been shown to impact soil, vine, and grape health and to determine the fermentation microbiome and the final character of wine. Thus, an understanding of the drivers that are responsible for the differences in vineyard and grape microbiota is required. The impact of soil and climate, as well as of viticultural practices in geographically delimited areas, have been reported. However, the limited scale makes the identification of generally applicable drivers of microbial biodiversity and of specific microbial fingerprints challenging. The comparison and meta-analysis of different datasets is furthermore complicated by differences in sampling and in methodology. Here we present data from a wide-ranging coordinated approach, using standardized sampling and data generation and analysis, involving four countries with different climates and viticultural traditions. The data confirm the existence of a grape core microbial consortium, but also provide evidence for country-specific microbiota and suggest the existence of a cultivar-specific microbial fingerprint for Cabernet Sauvignon grape. This study puts in evidence new insight of the grape microbial community in two continents and the importance of both location and cultivar for the definition of the grape microbiome.
葡萄园和葡萄中的微生物多样性引发了科学界的浓厚兴趣。从生物技术的角度来看，葡萄园和葡萄的生物多样性已被证明会影响土壤、葡萄藤和葡萄的健康，并决定发酵微生物群落以及葡萄酒的最终品质。因此，需要了解导致葡萄园和葡萄微生物群差异的驱动因素。土壤和气候以及地理限定区域内的葡萄栽培实践的影响已有报道。然而，规模有限使得确定普遍适用的微生物生物多样性驱动因素和特定的微生物指纹具有挑战性。此外，不同数据集在采样和方法上的差异使比较和荟萃分析变得复杂。在此，我们展示了来自广泛协调方法的数据，该方法采用标准化采样、数据生成和分析，涉及四个具有不同气候和葡萄栽培传统的国家。数据证实了葡萄核心微生物群落的存在，但也为特定国家的微生物群提供了证据，并表明赤霞珠葡萄存在特定品种的微生物指纹。这项研究揭示了两大洲葡萄微生物群落的新见解，以及地理位置和品种对于定义葡萄微生物组的重要性。
