Drożdżyńska Julia, Jakubowska Wiktoria, Kemuś Marika, Krokowska Martyna, Karpezo Konrad, Wiśniewska Marcelina, Bogdański Paweł, Skrypnik Damian
Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Fredry St. 10, 61-701 Poznan, Poland.
Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego St. 82/84, 60-569 Poznan, Poland.
Life (Basel). 2022 Oct 17;12(10):1617. doi: 10.3390/life12101617.
In the face of a growing number of overweight people and two widely known viral diseases, SARS-CoV-2 and influenza, it is crucial to be aware of the impact of excess body weight on immunisation against these diseases. The aim of this review is to show the effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza vaccines in overweight and obese patients. Excessive adipose tissue releases cytokines and maintains local hypoxia, which causes persistent low-grade inflammation. These factors make excess body mass patients' immune systems weaker. Under such conditions, the humoral response becomes less efficient, leading to a weakened ability to fight against infection and an increased risk of developing lower antibody titres. Vaccines help to reduce morbidity both in normal-weight and excess body mass people, although most studies show that patients with higher BMI tend to lose the antibodies produced more quickly. It is shown that the most effective vaccines (in terms of preventing the infection and potential post-illness complications) are the BNT162b2 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 and the inactivated influenza vaccine against influenza among both obese and non-obese subjects.
面对超重人群数量的不断增加以及两种广为人知的病毒性疾病——新冠病毒2型（SARS-CoV-2）和流感，了解超重对这些疾病免疫接种的影响至关重要。本综述的目的是展示新冠病毒2型和流感疫苗在超重及肥胖患者中的有效性。过多的脂肪组织会释放细胞因子并维持局部缺氧，从而导致持续性的低度炎症。这些因素使得超重患者的免疫系统较弱。在这种情况下，体液免疫反应效率降低，导致抗感染能力减弱以及产生较低抗体滴度的风险增加。疫苗有助于降低正常体重和超重人群的发病率，尽管大多数研究表明，体重指数（BMI）较高的患者往往会更快地失去所产生的抗体。结果显示（就预防感染和潜在的病后并发症而言），在肥胖和非肥胖受试者中，最有效的疫苗分别是针对新冠病毒2型的BNT162b2疫苗和针对流感的灭活流感疫苗。
