Jensen Caroline, Antonsen Marie Fagervik, Lied Gülen Arslan
Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
Microorganisms. 2022 Sep 26;10(10):1904. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10101904.
The prevalence of food allergies (FAs) has increased considerably in recent decades, with the only available treatment being the avoidance of the specific food items causing the allergy. FAs may have a major impact on quality of life, and it is of great interest to explore new strategies to prevent and treat FAs. Some studies show an altered gut microbiota profile in individuals with FAs, and the modulation of gut microbiota is therefore proposed as a potential strategy for prevention and treatment. This systematic review aimed to investigate: (1) the gut microbiota profile in individuals with FAs compared to healthy individuals and (2) the effect of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on gut microbiota profiles and/or allergy symptoms. A literature search was conducted in PubMed (Medline) on 5 April 2022. Of the 236 publications identified, 12 studies were included based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Eleven of these studies reported results on the gut microbiota in children with FAs compared to healthy controls (HCs). The majority of studies (six studies) observed no difference in alpha diversity when comparing children with FAs to HCs; however, a difference in beta diversity was observed in five studies. At the phylum level, we observed a high abundance of Firmicutes (six studies) and Proteobacteria (five studies), whereas a low abundance of Bacteroidetes (5 studies) was observed in children with FAs compared to HCs. Of the 12 included studies, four explored the effect of FMT on gut microbiota and/or allergy symptoms. Three studies reported that transferring gut microbiota from children without FAs to germ-free mice, protected the mice against allergic reactions, whereas one study did not report findings on the allergic symptoms. The results on gut microbiota after FMT varied and were too divergent to draw any conclusions. Overall, our results suggest that there are differences in the gut microbiota profile in individuals with FAs compared to individuals without FAs. FMT seems to be a promising strategy to prevent allergic symptoms but needs to be further explored in animal and human models. As the findings in this review are based on a small number of studies (12 studies), further studies are warranted before any clear conclusions can be drawn regarding gut microbiota profiles and the effect of FMT on individuals with FAs.
近几十年来，食物过敏（FAs）的患病率显著上升，目前唯一可用的治疗方法是避免食用引起过敏的特定食物。食物过敏可能对生活质量产生重大影响，因此探索预防和治疗食物过敏的新策略具有重要意义。一些研究表明，食物过敏患者的肠道微生物群谱发生了改变，因此，调节肠道微生物群被认为是一种潜在的预防和治疗策略。本系统综述旨在研究：（1）食物过敏患者与健康个体相比的肠道微生物群谱；（2）粪便微生物群移植（FMT）对肠道微生物群谱和/或过敏症状的影响。2022年4月5日在PubMed（Medline）上进行了文献检索。在检索到的236篇出版物中，根据纳入和排除标准纳入了12项研究。其中11项研究报告了食物过敏儿童与健康对照（HCs）相比的肠道微生物群结果。大多数研究（6项研究）在比较食物过敏儿童与健康对照时未观察到α多样性的差异；然而，5项研究观察到了β多样性的差异。在门水平上，我们观察到厚壁菌门（6项研究）和变形菌门（5项研究）的丰度较高，而与健康对照相比，食物过敏儿童中拟杆菌门的丰度较低（5项研究）。在纳入的12项研究中，4项研究探讨了FMT对肠道微生物群和/或过敏症状的影响。3项研究报告称，将无食物过敏儿童的肠道微生物群移植到无菌小鼠体内可保护小鼠免受过敏反应，而1项研究未报告过敏症状的相关结果。FMT后肠道微生物群的结果各不相同，差异太大，无法得出任何结论。总体而言，我们的结果表明，食物过敏患者与非食物过敏患者的肠道微生物群谱存在差异。FMT似乎是一种有前景的预防过敏症状的策略，但需要在动物和人体模型中进一步探索。由于本综述中的研究结果基于少数研究（12项研究），在就肠道微生物群谱以及FMT对食物过敏患者的影响得出任何明确结论之前，有必要进行进一步的研究。
