Department of Surgery, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
Molecules. 2022 Oct 19;27(20):7052. doi: 10.3390/molecules27207052.
There is a wide variety of kinds of lipids, and complex structures which determine the diversity and complexity of their functions. With the basic characteristic of water insolubility, lipid molecules are independent of the genetic information composed by genes to proteins, which determine the particularity of lipids in the human body, with water as the basic environment and genes to proteins as the genetic system. In this review, we have summarized the current landscape on hormone regulation of lipid metabolism. After the well-studied PI3K-AKT pathway, insulin affects fat synthesis by controlling the activity and production of various transcription factors. New mechanisms of thyroid hormone regulation are discussed, receptor α and β may mediate different procedures, the effect of thyroid hormone on mitochondria provides a new insight for hormones regulating lipid metabolism. Physiological concentration of adrenaline induces the expression of extrapituitary prolactin in adipose tissue macrophages, which promotes fat weight loss. Manipulation of hormonal action has the potential to offer a new therapeutic horizon for the global burden of obesity and its associated complications such as morbidity and mortality.
有各种各样的脂质，其复杂的结构决定了它们功能的多样性和复杂性。脂质分子具有不溶于水的基本特性，与由基因到蛋白质组成的遗传信息无关，这决定了脂质在人体中的特殊性，以水为基本环境，以基因到蛋白质为遗传系统。在这篇综述中，我们总结了目前激素对脂质代谢的调节情况。在研究充分的 PI3K-AKT 途径之后，胰岛素通过控制各种转录因子的活性和产生来影响脂肪合成。讨论了甲状腺激素调节的新机制，受体α和β可能介导不同的过程，甲状腺激素对线粒体的作用为激素调节脂质代谢提供了新的见解。生理浓度的肾上腺素诱导脂肪组织巨噬细胞中外分泌催乳素的表达，从而促进脂肪体重减轻。对激素作用的操纵有可能为肥胖及其相关并发症（如发病率和死亡率）的全球负担提供新的治疗前景。
