Yibin Key Laboratory of Zoological Diversity and Ecological Conservation, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin 644000, China.
State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China.
Viruses. 2022 Oct 14;14(10):2254. doi: 10.3390/v14102254.
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) has received widespread attention for its potential health effects on humans, wildlife, domestic animals, and livestock. In this review, we focus on PRV dynamics in wildlife, given the importance of wild-origin PRV transmission to domestic and farm animals. Wild boars, pigs, and raccoons can serve as reservoirs of PRV, with viral transmission to domestic livestock occurring via several routes, such as wild herd exposure, contaminated meat consumption, and insect vector transmission. Many endangered feline and canine species can be infected with PRV, with acute disease and death within 48 h. The first confirmed human case of PRV infection in mainland China was reported in 2017. Thus, PRV exhibits potentially dangerous cross-host transmission, which is likely associated with inappropriate vaccination, poor awareness, and insufficient biosecurity. Currently, no vaccine provides full protection against PRV in all animals. Here, we summarize the epidemiology and pathogenesis of PRV infection in wild, domestic, and farmed animals, which may facilitate the design of novel therapeutics and strategies for controlling PRV infection and improving wildlife protection in China.
伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）因其对人类、野生动物、家畜和牲畜的潜在健康影响而受到广泛关注。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注野生动物中的 PRV 动态，因为野生起源的 PRV 传播对家畜和农场动物非常重要。野猪、猪和浣熊可以作为 PRV 的储存宿主，病毒通过多种途径传播给家畜，如野生畜群暴露、受污染的肉类消费和昆虫媒介传播。许多濒危的猫科和犬科物种可以感染 PRV，在 48 小时内出现急性疾病和死亡。中国大陆首例确诊的 PRV 感染病例报告于 2017 年。因此，PRV 表现出潜在的危险的跨宿主传播，这可能与疫苗接种不当、意识不足和生物安全措施不足有关。目前，没有一种疫苗能为所有动物提供针对 PRV 的完全保护。在这里，我们总结了 PRV 感染在野生、家养和养殖动物中的流行病学和发病机制，这可能有助于设计新型治疗方法和控制 PRV 感染和改善中国野生动物保护的策略。
