Costa Ana Paula Ferreira, Sarmento Ayane Cristine Alves, Vieira-Baptista Pedro, Eleutério José, Cobucci Ricardo Ney, Gonçalves Ana Katherine
Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil.
Lower Genital Tract Unit, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal.
Front Reprod Health. 2021 Nov 29;3:783247. doi: 10.3389/frph.2021.783247. eCollection 2021.
Menopause is a physiological and progressive phenomenon secondary to decreased ovarian follicular reserve that significantly affects the genital tract. Although postmenopausal vulvovaginal atrophy primarily affects postmenopausal women, it is also seen in premenopausal women. The hypoestrogenic condition results in hormonal and anatomical changes, with the main symptoms, are dryness, burning and genital irritation, decreased lubrication, urinary urgency, dysuria, and recurrent urinary tract infections. This review aims to update hormone therapy for urogenital atrophy, both local and systemic, and discusses the importance of understanding and the need for active treatment of this condition. The main therapeutic objective is the relief of symptoms, and hormonal therapy (HT) is still the most effective choice for treating clinical manifestations, despite the side effects of its use. HT should be used in an individualized way to the needs of the women and appropriate to the stage in which she is menopausal, perimenopausal, or after menopause.
绝经是一种继发于卵巢卵泡储备减少的生理渐进性现象，会对生殖道产生显著影响。虽然绝经后外阴阴道萎缩主要影响绝经后女性，但在绝经前女性中也可见到。雌激素水平低下会导致激素和解剖结构的变化，主要症状包括干涩、灼痛、生殖器刺激、润滑减少、尿急、尿痛和复发性尿路感染。本综述旨在更新针对泌尿生殖系统萎缩的局部和全身激素治疗方法，并讨论了解和积极治疗这种疾病的重要性。主要治疗目标是缓解症状，尽管激素治疗（HT）存在副作用，但它仍然是治疗临床表现最有效的选择。HT应根据女性的需求进行个体化使用，并适合她处于绝经、围绝经期或绝经后的阶段。
