Sáinz Milagros, Fàbregues Sergi, Romano María José, López Beatriz-Soledad
Internet Interdisciplinary Institute, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
Department of Psychology and Education, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
Front Psychol. 2022 Oct 11;13:954996. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.954996. eCollection 2022.
The underrepresentation of young people and particularly young women in many STEM fields has inspired various intervention programmes and research intended to boost their interest in these areas. The purpose of this scoping review is to examine the characteristics and effectiveness of interventions designed to encourage interest in STEM among secondary school students, particularly female students, over the past 20 years. A systematic search of the literature in five databases and additional search strategies resulted in identifying 215 studies evaluating interventions in different disciplinary fields. Data extraction and synthesis of these studies were carried out, focusing on the methodologies and theoretical foundations used. Twenty-five exemplars were selected to illustrate best practices in designing and evaluating interventions that address the various facets of young people's lack of interest in STEM. These interventions attempt to modify and/or manipulate multiple environmental and school factors to impact students' personal factors associated with STEM interest, such as achievement, self-perception of ability, and self-efficacy. Implications for the design of future interventions and potential outcomes are then discussed.
年轻人，尤其是年轻女性，在许多科学、技术、工程和数学（STEM）领域的代表性不足，这激发了各种旨在提高他们对这些领域兴趣的干预计划和研究。本范围综述的目的是研究过去20年中旨在鼓励中学生，特别是女学生对STEM感兴趣的干预措施的特点和有效性。通过对五个数据库中的文献进行系统检索以及其他检索策略，共识别出215项评估不同学科领域干预措施的研究。对这些研究进行了数据提取和综合分析，重点关注所使用的方法和理论基础。挑选了25个范例来说明在设计和评估干预措施方面的最佳实践，这些干预措施旨在解决年轻人对STEM缺乏兴趣的各个方面。这些干预措施试图改变和/或操纵多种环境和学校因素，以影响学生与STEM兴趣相关的个人因素，如成绩、能力自我认知和自我效能感。随后讨论了对未来干预措施设计的启示和潜在结果。
