Health Workforce Department, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, CH-1211, Geneva 27, Switzerland.
Immunization, Vaccines & Biologicals Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Int J Equity Health. 2022 Oct 13;21(Suppl 3):147. doi: 10.1186/s12939-022-01750-0.
Health and care workers (HCWs) are at the forefront of COVID-19 response, at high risk of infection, and as a result they are a priority group for COVID-19 vaccination. This paper presents the global patterns in COVID-19 vaccination coverage among HCWs in 2021, how HCWs were prioritized, and identifies factors associated with the early vaccination coverage.
Using monthly data reported to the World Health Organization, the percentages of partially and fully vaccinated HCWs were computed. The rates of vaccination of HCWs for the first and second half of 2021 were compared in a stratified analysis using several factors. A multivariate analysis was used to investigate the independent associations of these factors with the percentage of HCWs fully vaccinated.
Based on data from 139 Member States, as of end of 2021, 82% HCWs were reported as fully vaccinated with important variations by income groups: 33% for low income countries, 83% for lower-middle income countries, 79% for upper-middle income countries and 88% for high income countries. Overall 76% of countries did not achieve 70% vaccination coverage of their HCWs in the first half of 2021, and 38% of countries by end of 2021. Compared with the general population, the rate of HCWs full vaccination was 3.5 times higher, in particular for low income countries (RR = 5.9). Stratified analysis showed that beyond income group, the availability of vaccine doses was a critical factor of HCWs vaccination coverage with medians of 59.1% and 88.6% coverage in the first and second half of 2021, respectively for countries with enough doses to cover 70% of their population, compared with 0.8% and 47.5% coverage, respectively for countries with doses to cover 40% of their population. The multivariate analysis confirmed this observation with a 35.9% overall difference (95%CI 15.1%; 56.9%) between these two groups.
Despite being considered a priority group, more than a third of countries did not achieve 70% vaccination coverage of their HCWs at the end of 2021. Large inequities were observed with low income countries lagging behind. Additional efforts should be dedicated to ensure full protection of HCWs through vaccination.
卫生保健工作者（HCWs）是应对 COVID-19 的前沿人员，感染风险高，因此他们是 COVID-19 疫苗接种的优先群体。本文介绍了 2021 年全球 HCWs 中 COVID-19 疫苗接种覆盖率的模式、HCWs 的优先顺序以及确定与早期疫苗接种覆盖率相关的因素。
使用向世界卫生组织报告的每月数据，计算部分和完全接种 HCWs 的百分比。在分层分析中，比较了 2021 年上半年和下半年 HCWs 接种疫苗的速度，并使用多种因素进行比较。使用多变量分析调查这些因素与完全接种 HCWs 的百分比之间的独立关联。
根据来自 139 个会员国的数据，截至 2021 年底，报告称 82%的 HCWs 已完全接种疫苗，但按收入组划分存在重要差异：低收入国家为 33%，中下收入国家为 83%，中上收入国家为 79%，高收入国家为 88%。总体而言，76%的国家在 2021 年上半年没有实现 70%的 HCWs 接种疫苗，而 38%的国家在 2021 年底没有实现。与一般人群相比，HCWs 完全接种疫苗的比例高 3.5 倍，特别是低收入国家（RR=5.9）。分层分析表明，除了收入群体之外，疫苗剂量的供应是 HCWs 疫苗接种覆盖率的关键因素，在 2021 年上半年和下半年，对于有足够剂量覆盖其 70%人口的国家，分别为 59.1%和 88.6%，而对于有足够剂量覆盖其 40%人口的国家，分别为 0.8%和 47.5%。多变量分析证实了这一观察结果，两组之间存在 35.9%的总体差异（95%CI 15.1%；56.9%）。
尽管被认为是优先群体，但截至 2021 年底，超过三分之一的国家没有实现 70%的 HCWs 接种疫苗。观察到存在巨大的不平等现象，低收入国家落后。应该投入更多努力，通过接种疫苗确保 HCWs 的全面保护。
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