Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology and Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004 Guangxi China.
Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
Vet Microbiol. 2022 Dec;275:109580. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109580. Epub 2022 Oct 21.
Cold stress in poultry is a global problem that causes huge economic losses and threatens the health and welfare of poultry. However, knowledge of chicken responses to virus infection under cold stress is limited. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of cold stress on gene expression and viral replication in chicken DF-1 cells in hypothermia. In addition, the characterization of circulating steroid hormone profiles in the plasma of chickens under cold stress was analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Herein, we performed RNA sequencing to obtain DF-1 cell transcriptional profiles under cold stress. A total of 9499 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in DF-1 cells. Overexpressed DEGs were related to the proteasome, cell cycle, spliceosome, ribosome biogenesis, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Down-regulated DEGs were related to ribosomes, oxidative phosphorylation, apoptosis, and the p53 signaling pathway. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs mainly affect host ribosome translation and mitochondrial respiratory electron transport. The principal steroid hormone alterations in chickens subjected to cold stress included dihydrotestosterone, testosterone, β-sitosterol, androstenedione, 7a,27-dihydroxycholesterol,7-ketocholesterol, and desmosterol, which are associated with endocrine resistance, ovarian steroidogenesis, and steroid hormone biosynthesis. In addition, Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and Influenza A (H9N2) Virus replication in DF-1 cells is significantly inhibited by cold stress. Moreover, the plasma concentrations of corticosterone, an important stress hormone in poultry, were significantly elevated in chickens subjected to cold stress, and we found that IBV and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) replication were strongly inhibited in DF-1 cells pretreated with CORT, but NDV and H9N2 replication were unaffected. In conclusion, in response to cold stress, the translation efficiency and mitochondrial respiratory chain are temporarily weakened in DF-1 cells, which affects virus replication. Chickens may regulate aromatase deficiency, androstenedione metabolism, androgen and estrogen metabolism, and 17-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase III deficiency through steroid hormones in response to cold stress. This study provides valuable insights into the molecular regulatory mechanisms of poultry under cold stress and may support further research on the intrinsic link between steroid hormones and virus replication under stress.
家禽冷应激是一个全球性问题，导致巨大的经济损失，并威胁到家禽的健康和福利。然而，人们对鸡在冷应激下对病毒感染的反应知之甚少。本研究旨在探讨低温条件下冷应激对鸡 DF-1 细胞基因表达和病毒复制的影响。此外，还通过液相色谱-串联质谱法分析了冷应激下鸡血浆中环固醇激素谱的特征。在此，我们进行了 RNA 测序，以获得冷应激下 DF-1 细胞的转录谱。在 DF-1 细胞中鉴定出 9499 个差异表达基因（DEGs）。过表达的 DEGs 与蛋白酶体、细胞周期、剪接体、核糖体生物发生和雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mTOR）有关。下调的 DEGs 与核糖体、氧化磷酸化、细胞凋亡和 p53 信号通路有关。基因集富集分析表明，DEGs 主要影响宿主核糖体翻译和线粒体呼吸电子传递。冷应激下鸡的主要类固醇激素变化包括二氢睾酮、睾酮、β-谷甾醇、雄烯二酮、7α,27-二羟胆固醇、7-酮胆固醇和去甲胆固醇，它们与内分泌抵抗、卵巢类固醇生成和类固醇激素生物合成有关。此外，冷应激显著抑制传染性支气管炎病毒（IBV）、新城疫病毒（NDV）和甲型流感病毒（H9N2）在 DF-1 细胞中的复制。此外，冷应激下鸡血浆中皮质酮（一种家禽重要的应激激素）浓度显著升高，我们发现 CORT 预处理的 DF-1 细胞中 IBV 和水疱性口炎病毒（VSV）的复制受到强烈抑制，但 NDV 和 H9N2 的复制不受影响。总之，DF-1 细胞在冷应激下暂时降低翻译效率和线粒体呼吸链，从而影响病毒复制。鸡可能通过类固醇激素来调节芳香酶缺乏症、雄烯二酮代谢、雄激素和雌激素代谢以及 17-β羟类固醇脱氢酶 III 缺乏症，以应对冷应激。本研究为冷应激下家禽的分子调控机制提供了有价值的见解，并可能支持进一步研究应激下类固醇激素与病毒复制之间的内在联系。
