Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China.
Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China.
Chemosphere. 2023 Jan;311(Pt 1):136999. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136999. Epub 2022 Oct 26.
Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acids (HFPO-DA) and hexafluoropropylene oxide trimer acids (HFPO-TA) are alternatives to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). However, little information on the comparison of their toxicities is available. Here, zebrafish embryos were exposed to PFOA, HFPO-DA, and HFPO-TA with exposure concentrations of 5 and 500 μg/L. Behavioral abnormal, enzyme activities and gene expression profiles in zebrafish embryos were determined. Results showed that exposure to PFOA and its alternatives increased heart rates and inhibited locomotor activity of zebrafish embryos. Further, their exposures changed the enzyme activities (acetylcholinesterase and oxidative stress-related enzymes), ATP content, and expressions of genes related to hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, apoptosis, and lipid metabolism. Comparison analyses found that PFOA, HFPO-TA, and HFPO-DA exposures induced different effects on the embryonic development of zebrafish, which indicates the different modes of action. The HFPO-DA exposure induced specific effects on the disorder of lipid metabolism, HPT axis, and neurodevelopment. The HFPO-TA exposure also induced different effects from the PFOA exposure, which focused on lipid metabolism. The current data shows that the HFPO-DA and HFPO-TA might not be safe alternatives to PFOA. This study provides a new understanding of the biological hazards of PFOA alternatives in aquatic organisms, which can guide their usage.
六氟环氧丙烷二聚酸（HFPO-DA）和六氟环氧丙烷三聚酸（HFPO-TA）是全氟辛酸（PFOA）的替代品。然而，关于它们毒性的比较信息很少。在这里，我们将斑马鱼胚胎暴露于 5 和 500μg/L 的 PFOA、HFPO-DA 和 HFPO-TA 中，检测了斑马鱼胚胎的行为异常、酶活性和基因表达谱。结果表明，PFOA 及其替代品的暴露会增加斑马鱼胚胎的心率并抑制其运动活性。此外，它们的暴露改变了酶活性（乙酰胆碱酯酶和氧化应激相关酶）、ATP 含量以及与下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺（HPT）轴、细胞凋亡和脂质代谢相关的基因表达。比较分析发现，PFOA、HFPO-TA 和 HFPO-DA 的暴露对斑马鱼胚胎的发育产生了不同的影响，这表明它们的作用方式不同。HFPO-DA 的暴露对脂质代谢、HPT 轴和神经发育的紊乱产生了特定的影响。HFPO-TA 的暴露也产生了不同于 PFOA 的影响，主要集中在脂质代谢上。目前的数据表明，HFPO-DA 和 HFPO-TA 可能不是 PFOA 的安全替代品。本研究为水生生物中 PFOA 替代品的生物危害提供了新的认识，可以指导它们的使用。
