Shmueli Deborah F, Ozawa Connie P, Kaufman Sanda
Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
Nohad A. Toulan School of Urban Studies and Planning, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA.
Int J Disaster Risk Reduct. 2021 Jan;52:101981. doi: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101981. Epub 2020 Nov 20.
Natural and technological hazards can have consequences of a scale and severity far exceeding most human experience. Massive earthquakes predicted as imminent for some regions of the world, fires engulfing large tracts of land and the global COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 illustrate several key preparedness challenges. The hazards literature stresses the importance of involving communities in decisions before, during and after calamitous events occur. Currently, community planning and hazard risk management planning are largely carried out in separate tracks that seldom intersect. We propose that hazard risk managers may benefit from integrating in their approaches collaborative planning principles, especially at the pre-disaster stage. We further propose that community planners deliberately consider hazards and integrate the potential consequences of a disaster into routine plan-making, boosting communities' resilience. Finally, since citizen involvement is necessary but burdensome in both planning and hazards management, we suggest a set of criteria for considering who-from among the many community and public stakeholders-should be involved, when, and how.
自然和技术灾害可能造成规模和严重程度远超大多数人类经验的后果。世界上一些地区预计即将发生的大地震、吞噬大片土地的火灾以及2020年的全球新冠疫情，都说明了几个关键的备灾挑战。灾害相关文献强调了让社区参与灾害发生前、期间和之后决策的重要性。目前，社区规划和灾害风险管理规划在很大程度上是在很少交叉的不同轨道上进行的。我们建议灾害风险管理者可能会从将协作规划原则纳入其方法中受益，尤其是在灾害前阶段。我们进一步建议社区规划者有意识地考虑灾害因素，并将灾害的潜在后果纳入日常规划制定中，增强社区的复原力。最后，由于公民参与在规划和灾害管理中都是必要的，但也很繁重，我们提出了一套标准，以考虑众多社区和公共利益相关者中哪些人应该参与、何时参与以及如何参与。
