Getachew Selamawit, Debelew Gurmesa Tura, Abdullahi Misra
Department of Public Health, Wachemo University, Hosanna, Ethiopia.
Department of Population and Family Health, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Int J Womens Health. 2022 Oct 26;14:1531-1545. doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S380233. eCollection 2022.
Globally, women with disabilities have two times higher chance of suffering from violence compared to their non-disabled peers due to double discrimination. However, there is little evidence that quantifies the situation in this segment of the population by considering disability-related factors which make this group more vulnerable to gender-based violence in Ethiopia.
To assess the prevalence of gender-based violence and its associated factors among women with disabilities in Jimma town, southwest Ethiopia, 2020.
A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among a total of 308 women with disabilities. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify factors associated with gender-based violence. The significance of the association was decided by using the 95% confidence interval of AOR at a p-value of <0.05 in the multivariable analysis.
The lifetime prevalence of gender-based violence among women with disabilities was found to be 73.1, while 46.1% had experienced it during the last 12 months. Gender-based violence in the past 12 months was significantly associated with non-schooling (AOR=5.10; 95% CI, 1.51, 17.14), being in age group of 20-34 (AOR=3.5; 95% CI, 1.74, 7.30), having visual impairment (AOR=3.1; 95% CI, 1.27, 7.54), having hearing impairment (AOR=3.0; 95% CI, 1.36, 6.89), alcohol use behavior (AOR=4.1; 95% CI, 1.74, 9.55), and perceived stigma and discrimination (AOR=4.2; 95% CI, 2.44, 7.39).
Prevalence of gender-based violence among women with disabilities was found to be high in the study area. Educational status, age, type of disability, alcohol use behavior, and perceived stigma and discrimination were independent predictors of gender-based violence. Measures have to be taken to curb the problem by taking integrated interventions like enrolling girls in school and targeted health education towards identified factors by considering the heterogeneity of disabilities.
在全球范围内，由于双重歧视，残疾女性遭受暴力的几率是非残疾女性的两倍。然而，在埃塞俄比亚，几乎没有证据通过考虑与残疾相关的因素来量化这部分人群的情况，而这些因素使该群体更容易遭受基于性别的暴力。
评估2020年埃塞俄比亚西南部吉马镇残疾女性中基于性别的暴力的患病率及其相关因素。
对总共308名残疾女性进行了一项基于社区的横断面研究。进行了双变量和多变量逻辑回归分析，以确定与基于性别的暴力相关的因素。在多变量分析中，使用AOR的95%置信区间（p值<0.05）来确定关联的显著性。
残疾女性中基于性别的暴力的终生患病率为73.1%，而在过去12个月中有46.1%的人经历过这种暴力。过去12个月中基于性别的暴力与未上学（AOR=5.10；95%CI，1.51，17.14）、年龄在20-34岁之间（AOR=3.5；95%CI，1.74，7.30）、有视力障碍（AOR=3.1；95%CI，1.27，7.54）、有听力障碍（AOR=3.0；95%CI，1.36，6.89）、饮酒行为（AOR=4.1；95%CI，1.74，9.55）以及感知到的耻辱和歧视（AOR=4.2；95%CI，2.44，7.39）显著相关。
研究区域内残疾女性中基于性别的暴力患病率较高。教育状况、年龄、残疾类型、饮酒行为以及感知到的耻辱和歧视是基于性别的暴力的独立预测因素。必须采取措施，通过采取综合干预措施，如让女孩入学，并针对已确定的因素进行有针对性的健康教育，同时考虑到残疾的异质性，来遏制这一问题。
