BlueWillow Biologics, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America.
Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan.
PLoS One. 2022 Nov 2;17(11):e0272594. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272594. eCollection 2022.
With the rapid progress made in the development of vaccines to fight the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, almost >90% of vaccine candidates under development and a 100% of the licensed vaccines are delivered intramuscularly (IM). While these vaccines are highly efficacious against COVID-19 disease, their efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 infection of upper respiratory tract and transmission is at best temporary. Development of safe and efficacious vaccines that are able to induce robust mucosal and systemic immune responses are needed to control new variants. In this study, we have used our nanoemulsion adjuvant (NE01) to intranasally (IN) deliver stabilized spike protein (S-2P) to induce immunogenicity in mouse and hamster models. Data presented demonstrate the induction of robust immunity in mice resulting in 100% seroconversion and protection against SARS-CoV-2 in a hamster challenge model. There was a significant induction of mucosal immune responses as demonstrated by IgA- and IgG-producing memory B cells in the lungs of animals that received intranasal immunizations compared to an alum adjuvanted intramuscular vaccine. The efficacy of the S-2P/NE01 vaccine was also demonstrated in an intranasal hamster challenge model with SARS-CoV-2 and conferred significant protection against weight loss, lung pathology, and viral clearance from both upper and lower respiratory tract. Our findings demonstrate that intranasal NE01-adjuvanted vaccine promotes protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease through activation of three arms of immune system: humoral, cellular, and mucosal, suggesting that an intranasal SARS-CoV-2 vaccine may play a role in addressing a unique public health problem and unmet medical need.
随着针对 SARS-CoV-2 大流行的疫苗开发取得快速进展,几乎 90%以上的候选疫苗和 100%的已许可疫苗均通过肌肉内(IM)途径给药。虽然这些疫苗对 COVID-19 疾病具有高度疗效,但它们在对抗 SARS-CoV-2 上呼吸道感染和传播方面的疗效是暂时的。需要开发安全有效的疫苗,以诱导强大的粘膜和全身免疫反应,从而控制新的变体。在这项研究中,我们使用了我们的纳米乳液佐剂(NE01)经鼻内(IN)传递稳定的刺突蛋白(S-2P),以在小鼠和仓鼠模型中诱导免疫原性。所呈现的数据表明,在仓鼠攻毒模型中,诱导了小鼠产生强大的免疫力,导致 100%的血清转化率和对 SARS-CoV-2 的保护。与肌肉内用铝佐剂疫苗相比,接受鼻内免疫接种的动物肺部中 IgA 和 IgG 产生的记忆 B 细胞明显诱导了粘膜免疫反应。在 SARS-CoV-2 的鼻内仓鼠攻毒模型中也证明了 S-2P/NE01 疫苗的功效,并在减轻体重、肺部病理学和从上呼吸道和下呼吸道清除病毒方面提供了显著的保护。我们的研究结果表明,鼻内用 NE01 佐剂疫苗通过激活免疫系统的三个分支(体液、细胞和粘膜)来促进针对 SARS-CoV-2 感染和疾病的保护性免疫,这表明鼻内 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗可能在解决独特的公共卫生问题和未满足的医疗需求方面发挥作用。
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