Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
EBioMedicine. 2022 Feb;76:103841. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103841. Epub 2022 Jan 24.
Currently licensed COVID-19 vaccines are all designed for intramuscular (IM) immunization. However, vaccination today failed to prevent the virus infection through the upper respiratory tract, which is partially due to the absence of mucosal immunity activation. Despite the emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants, the next generation of COVID-19 vaccine is in demand and intranasal (IN) vaccination method has been demonstrated to be potent in inducing both mucosal and systemic immune responses. Presently, although not licensed, various IN vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are under intensive investigation, with 12 candidates reaching clinical trials at different phases. In this review, we give a detailed description about current status of IN COVID-19 vaccines, including virus-vectored vaccines, recombinant subunit vaccines and live attenuated vaccines. The ongoing clinical trials for IN vaccines are highlighted. Additionally, the underlying mechanisms of mucosal immunity and potential mucosal adjuvants and nasal delivery devices are also summarized.
目前已获得许可的 COVID-19 疫苗均设计用于肌肉内（IM）免疫接种。然而，目前的疫苗接种未能通过上呼吸道预防病毒感染，这在一定程度上是由于缺乏粘膜免疫激活。尽管出现了新型严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）变体，但对下一代 COVID-19 疫苗的需求仍在增加，鼻内（IN）接种方法已被证明可有效诱导粘膜和全身免疫反应。目前，尽管尚未获得许可，但针对 SARS-CoV-2 的各种 IN 疫苗正在进行深入研究，有 12 种候选疫苗已进入不同阶段的临床试验。在这篇综述中，我们详细描述了 IN COVID-19 疫苗的现状，包括病毒载体疫苗、重组亚单位疫苗和减毒活疫苗。强调了 IN 疫苗的正在进行的临床试验。此外，还总结了粘膜免疫的潜在机制以及粘膜佐剂和鼻腔给药装置。
Zotero 插件
