Kazour Francois, Atanasova Boriana, Mourad Marc, El Hachem Charline, Desmidt Thomas, Richa Sami, El-Hage Wissam
UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, INSERM, Tours, France; Clinique Psychiatrique Universitaire, CHU de Tours, Tours, France; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.
UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, INSERM, Tours, France.
J Psychiatr Res. 2022 Dec;156:330-338. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.10.038. Epub 2022 Oct 20.
The aim of this study was to assess the olfactory functions of patients with bipolar disorder in manic phase and to compare them to those of bipolar subjects in remission and healthy controls.
We recruited 96 participants divided in 3 groups: bipolar mania (MB), euthymic bipolar in remission (EB) and healthy controls (HC). All participants underwent an assessment of their olfactory functions using the Sniffin' sticks threshold and identification tests. Odors' pleasantness, intensity, familiarity and emotion were assessed. All participants were screened for the presence of psychiatric disorder through the MINI questionnaire. Clinical evaluation explored dimensions of mania, depression, anxiety respectively through YMRS, MADRS and STAI scales. Anhedonia was explored through the Chapman physical and social anhedonia questionnaire.
Patients in mania had deficits in identifying positive smells compared to bipolar subjects in remission and to healthy controls (MB < EB < HC; p < 0.001). Hedonic (MB < EB = HC; p < 0.001) and emotional (MB < EB = HC; p < 0.001) ratings of positive smells were lower in patients in manic phase compared to remitted subjects or controls. Mania was associated to higher emotion rating of negative smells compared to remitted subjects and controls (MB > EB = HC; p < 0.001). There was no difference between the 3 groups in the ratings of intensity and familiarity of smells, as well as in the olfactory threshold testing. The 3 groups showed no difference in the identification of negative smells.
Patients in manic episodes showed deficits in identifying positive odors. They evaluated these smells as less pleasant and less emotional compared to remitted bipolar subjects and healthy controls. These olfactory dysfunctions may constitute potential indicators of manic state. The persistence of olfactory dysfunction in remission phase (deficit in the olfactory identification of positive odors compared to healthy controls) may constitute a potential trait indicator of bipolarity.
本研究旨在评估躁狂发作期双相情感障碍患者的嗅觉功能，并将其与缓解期双相情感障碍患者及健康对照者的嗅觉功能进行比较。
我们招募了96名参与者，分为3组：双相躁狂组（MB）、缓解期双相情感正常组（EB）和健康对照组（HC）。所有参与者均使用嗅棒阈值和识别测试对其嗅觉功能进行评估。评估了气味的愉悦度、强度、熟悉度和情感度。通过MINI问卷对所有参与者进行精神疾病筛查。通过杨氏躁狂量表（YMRS）、蒙哥马利抑郁量表（MADRS）和状态特质焦虑量表（STAI）分别对躁狂、抑郁、焦虑维度进行临床评估。通过查普曼身体和社交快感缺失问卷对快感缺失进行评估。
与缓解期双相情感障碍患者及健康对照者相比，躁狂发作期患者在识别积极气味方面存在缺陷（MB < EB < HC；p < 0.001）。与缓解期患者或对照者相比，躁狂发作期患者对积极气味的享乐评分（MB < EB = HC；p < 0.001）和情感评分（MB < EB = HC；p < 0.001）较低。与缓解期患者和对照者相比，躁狂发作期患者对消极气味的情感评分更高（MB > EB = HC；p < 0.001）。三组在气味强度和熟悉度评分以及嗅觉阈值测试方面没有差异。三组在识别消极气味方面没有差异。
躁狂发作期患者在识别积极气味方面存在缺陷。与缓解期双相情感障碍患者和健康对照者相比，他们认为这些气味的愉悦度和情感度较低。这些嗅觉功能障碍可能是躁狂状态的潜在指标。缓解期嗅觉功能障碍的持续存在（与健康对照者相比，在嗅觉识别积极气味方面存在缺陷）可能是双相情感障碍的潜在特质指标。
