Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan.
School of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kampung Gong Badak, 21300, Terengganu, Malaysia.
Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2022 Nov;16(11):102655. doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102655. Epub 2022 Oct 25.
To assess the level of diabetes knowledge and its association with diabetes self-management practices during Ramadan fasting among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
A cross-sectional study was conducted involving a sample of Malaysian patients with T2D. Patients aged 18 years and above, and attending an outpatient diabetic unit of a government hospital were recruited between February and April 2021. A self-administered questionnaire was utilized to assess diabetes knowledge and diabetes self-management practices.
A total of 306 participants completed the questionnaire. Most of them were females (54.2%) and above 55 years old (75.1%). Resultantly, knowledge of diabetes was considered average among 52% of the participants. Only 9.5% of them avoided the consumption of sweet foods during iftar. Practicing late suhoor (p = 0.012) and self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) (p = 0.026) during Ramadan were significantly associated with a better diabetes knowledge score. Education level (p = 0.000), working status (p = 0.030), and monthly income (p = 0.000) were significantly associated with participants' knowledge level of diabetes. A higher proportion (72.2%) of the participants completed fasting for a month during Ramadan 2020. Meanwhile, hypoglycemia was the main reason (38.8%) for incomplete fasting.
These findings reflect the need to improve patients' knowledge of diabetes and diabetes self-management practices, especially during Ramadan. Such objectives could be achieved by considering the associated factors identified in this study.
评估 2 型糖尿病（T2D）患者在斋月禁食期间的糖尿病知识水平及其与糖尿病自我管理实践的相关性。
本研究采用横断面研究设计，纳入了马来西亚的 T2D 患者样本。研究对象为年龄在 18 岁及以上、正在政府医院门诊糖尿病科就诊的患者。研究于 2021 年 2 月至 4 月期间招募患者，采用自填式问卷评估糖尿病知识和糖尿病自我管理实践。
共有 306 名参与者完成了问卷。他们大多为女性（54.2%），年龄在 55 岁以上（75.1%）。结果显示，52%的参与者认为自己的糖尿病知识水平一般。仅有 9.5%的参与者在开斋时避免食用甜食。在斋月期间，较晚进行开斋前小食（p=0.012）和自我监测血糖（SMBG）（p=0.026）与更好的糖尿病知识评分显著相关。教育程度（p=0.000）、工作状态（p=0.030）和月收入（p=0.000）与参与者的糖尿病知识水平显著相关。在 2020 年斋月期间，72.2%的参与者完成了一个月的斋戒。同时，低血糖是导致斋戒不完整的主要原因（38.8%）。
这些发现反映了需要提高患者对糖尿病和糖尿病自我管理实践的认识，尤其是在斋月期间。可以考虑本研究确定的相关因素来实现这些目标。
