School of Biological Sciences and The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia 6001.
Phytopathology. 2023 May;113(5):771-785. doi: 10.1094/PHYTO-08-22-0289-FI. Epub 2023 Mar 20.
Disease resistance improvement remains a major focus in breeding programs as diseases continue to devastate production systems due to intensive cultivation and climate change. Genomics has paved the way to understand the complex genomes of , which has been pivotal in the dissection of the genetic underpinnings of agronomic traits driving the development of superior cultivars. The new era of genomics-assisted disease resistance breeding has been marked by the development of high-quality genome references, accelerating the identification of disease resistance genes controlling both qualitative (major) gene and quantitative resistance. This facilitates the development of molecular markers for marker assisted selection and enables genome editing approaches for targeted gene manipulation to enhance the genetic value of disease resistance traits. This review summarizes the key advances in the development of genomic resources for species, focusing on improved genome references, based on long-read sequencing technologies and pangenome assemblies. This is further supported by the advances in pathogen genomics, which have resulted in the discovery of pathogenicity factors, complementing the mining of disease resistance genes in the host. Recognizing the co-evolutionary arms race between the host and pathogen, it is critical to identify novel resistance genes using crop wild relatives and synthetic cultivars or through genetic manipulation via genome-editing to sustain the development of superior cultivars. Integrating these key advances with new breeding techniques and improved phenotyping using advanced data analysis platforms will make disease resistance improvement in species more efficient and responsive to current and future demands.
由于集约化种植和气候变化，疾病继续摧毁生产系统，因此提高抗病性仍然是育种计划的主要重点。基因组学为了解 的复杂基因组铺平了道路，这对于剖析驱动优良品种开发的农艺性状的遗传基础至关重要。基因组辅助抗病性育种的新时代以高质量基因组参考资料的发展为标志，加速了控制定性（主要）基因和数量抗性的抗病基因的鉴定。这有助于开发用于标记辅助选择的分子标记，并使靶向基因操作的基因组编辑方法能够增强抗病性性状的遗传价值。本文总结了 物种基因组资源开发的关键进展，重点介绍了基于长读测序技术和泛基因组组装的改进基因组参考资料。这进一步得到了病原体基因组学进展的支持，这些进展导致了致病性因子的发现，补充了宿主中抗病基因的挖掘。认识到宿主和病原体之间的共同进化军备竞赛至关重要，因此需要使用作物野生近缘种和合成品种或通过基因组编辑进行遗传操作来识别新型抗性基因，以维持优良品种的发展。将这些关键进展与新的育种技术和使用先进数据分析平台的改进表型相结合，将使 物种的抗病性改良更加高效，并能更好地应对当前和未来的需求。
