NIR spectroscopy combined with 1D-convolutional neural network for breast cancerization analysis and diagnosis.

Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy with deep penetration can characterize the composition of biological tissue based on the vibration of the X-H group in a rapid and high-specificity way. Deep learning is proven helpful for rapid and automatic identification of tissue cancerization. In this study, NIR spectroscopic detection equipped with the lab-made NIR probe was performed to in situ explore the change of molecular compositions in breast cancerization, where the diffused NIR spectra were efficiently collected at different locations of cancerous and paracancerous areas. The breast cancerous-paracancerous discriminant model was established based on one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN). By optimizing the structure of the neural network, the high classification accuracy (94.67%), recall/sensitivity (95.33%), specificity (94.00%), precision (94.08%) and F1 score (0.9470) were achieved, showing the better discrimination ability and reliability than the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN, 88.34%, 98.21%, 76.11%, 83.59%, 0.9031) and Fisher Discriminant Analysis (FDA, 90.00%, 96.43%, 81.82%, 87.10%, 0.9153) methods. The experimental results indicate that the application of 1D-CNN can discriminate the cancerous and paracancerous breast tissues, and provide an intelligent method for clinical locating, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.