Nanofibrous polytetrafluoroethylene/poly(ε-caprolactone) membrane with hierarchical structures for vascular patch.

With the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, developing cardiovascular supplements is becoming increasingly urgent. The ability of cells to rapidly adhere and proliferate to achieve endothelialization is extremely important for vascular grafts. In this work, we electrospun polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) nanofibrous membranes and used induced crystallization to manufacture poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) shish-kebab microstructures on PTFE nanofibers to overcome the inertness of PTFE, and promote cell adhesion and proliferation. PCL lamella periodically grew on the surface of PTFE nanofibers yielding a hierarchical structure, which improved the biocompatibility and mechanical properties of the PTFE nanofibrous membrane. The deposition of PCL lamella improved the hydrophilicity of electrospun PTFE nanofibers membrane, leading to good cell proliferation and adhesion. Also, due to the surface inertness of the substrate material PTFE, this PTFE/PCL composite film has good anti-platelet adhesion properties. Furthermore, cell proliferation could be regulated by controlling the integrity of the PCL crystal network. The vascular patch showed similar mechanical properties to natural blood vessels, providing a new strategy for vascular tissue engineering.