Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
Shandong First Medical University Affiliated Shandong Tumor Hospital and Institute, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, 250117, China.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2023 Feb 10;302(Pt A):115857. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115857. Epub 2022 Oct 27.
The rhizomes of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge., belonging to the family Liliaceae, are named 'Zhi-mu' according to traditional Chinese medicine theory. It is a medicinal plant that has long been used as a tonic agent in various ethnomedicinal systems in East Asia, especially in China, and also for treating arthralgia, hematochezia, tidal fever, night sweats, cough, dry mouth and tongue, hemoptysis, etc. THE ARM OF THE REVIEW: The review aims to provide a systematic overview of botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and quality control of Anemarrhena asphodeloides and to explore the future therapeutic potential and scientific potential of this plant.
A comprehensive literature search was performed on Anemarrhena asphodeloides using scientific databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, CNKI, Elsevier, SpringerLink, ACS publications, ancient books, Doctoral and master's Theses. Collected data from different sources was comprehensively summarised for botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and quality control of Anemarrhena asphodeloides.
A comprehensive analysis of the literature as mentioned above confirmed that the ethnomedical uses of Anemarrhena asphodeloides had a history of thousands of years in eastern Asian countries. Two hundred sixty-nine compounds have been identified from Anemarrhena asphodeloides, including steroidal saponins, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, alkaloids, steroids, organic acids, polysaccharides, benzophenones and other ingredients. Studies have shown that the extracts and compounds from Anemarrhena asphodeloides have extensive pharmacological activities, such as nervous system activity, antitumour, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antiosteoporotic, antiallergic, antiplatelet aggregation, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-ageing, hair growth promoting, preventing cell damage, etc. Evaluating the quality and toxicity of Anemarrhena asphodeloides is essential to confirm its safe use in humans.
Anemarrhena asphodeloides is widely used in traditional medicine and have diverse chemical constituents with obvious biological activities. Nevertheless, more studies should be carried out in animals and humans to evaluate the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in its biological activity and confirm its safe use.
百合科知母属植物知母的根茎，根据中医理论称为“知母”。它是一种药用植物，长期以来一直被东亚各种民族医学体系用作滋补剂，特别是在中国，也用于治疗关节痛、便血、潮热、盗汗、咳嗽、口干舌燥、咯血等。
本综述旨在对知母的植物学、民族药理学、植物化学、药理学、毒理学和质量控制进行系统概述，并探讨该植物的未来治疗潜力和科学潜力。
使用科学数据库（包括 Web of Science、PubMed、Google Scholar、CNKI、Elsevier、SpringerLink、ACS 出版物、古籍、博士和硕士论文）对知母进行了全面的文献检索。从不同来源收集的数据进行了综合总结，以了解知母的植物学、民族药理学、植物化学、药理学、毒理学和质量控制。
对上述文献的综合分析证实，知母在东亚国家的民族医学用途已有数千年的历史。从知母中已鉴定出 269 种化合物，包括甾体皂苷、黄酮类、苯丙素类、生物碱、甾体、有机酸、多糖、苯甲酮等成分。研究表明，知母提取物和化合物具有广泛的药理活性，如神经系统活性、抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗糖尿病、抗骨质疏松、抗过敏、抗血小板聚集、抗菌、抗病毒、抗衰老、促进毛发生长、防止细胞损伤等。评估知母的质量和毒性对于确认其在人类中的安全使用至关重要。
知母在传统医学中应用广泛，其化学成分多样，生物活性明显。然而，为了评估其生物学活性的细胞和分子机制，并确认其安全使用，还需要在动物和人类中进行更多的研究。
