Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Environmental Analytics Group (USRA), NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA.
Methods Mol Biol. 2023;2585:171-191. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2760-0_16.
West Nile virus (WNV) is the most widespread arbovirus in the world and endemic to much of the United States. Its range continues to expand as land use patterns change, creating more habitable environments for the mosquito vector. Though WNV is endemic, the year-to-year risk is highly variable, thus making it difficult to understand the risk for human spillover events. Abatement districts monitor for infected mosquitoes to help understand these potential risks and to help guide our understanding of the risk posed by these observed infected mosquitoes. Creating optimal monitoring networks will provide more informed decision-making tools for abatement districts and policy makers. Investment in these monitoring networks that capture robust observations on mosquito infection rates will allow for environmentally informed inference systems to help guide decision-making and WNV risk. In turn, enhanced decision-making tools allow for faster response times of more targeted and economical surveillance and mosquito population reduction efforts and the overall reduction of WNV transmission. Here we discuss the data streams, their processing, and specifically three ways to calculate WNV infection rates in mosquitoes.
西尼罗河病毒（WNV）是世界上分布最广泛的虫媒病毒，也是美国大部分地区的地方性病毒。随着土地利用模式的变化，蚊子的栖息地不断扩大，WNV 的传播范围也在不断扩大。尽管 WNV 是地方性的，但每年的风险变化很大，因此很难了解人类溢出事件的风险。控制区监测感染蚊子，以帮助了解这些潜在风险，并帮助我们了解这些观察到的感染蚊子所带来的风险。创建最佳的监测网络将为控制区和决策者提供更明智的决策工具。对这些监测网络的投资将捕捉到蚊子感染率的有力观测结果，从而为环境信息推断系统提供帮助，以指导决策和 WNV 风险。反过来，增强的决策工具可以更快地做出反应，更有针对性和更经济的监测以及减少蚊子种群的努力，从而总体减少 WNV 的传播。在这里，我们讨论数据流、它们的处理，以及计算蚊子中 WNV 感染率的三种方法。
