Renal insufficiency and magnesium deficiency correlate with a decreased formation of biologically active cholecalciferol: a retrospective observational study.

BACKGROUND

Vitamin D is synthesized in the skin or supplied. Cholecalciferol is hydroxylated in the liver to 25(OH) vitamin D [25D]. 25D is further hydroxylated in the kidney to 1,25(OH) vitamin D [1,25D]. Catabolism occurs by further hydroxylation. Magnesium is a cofactor of all involved hydroxylases.

AIM

To investigate the association between renal function and serum magnesium levels, and the biologically active hormone 1,25D.

METHOD

Anonymised serum values of 25D, 1,25D, magnesium and creatinine measured in an outpatient cohort over 2 years were analysed.

RESULTS

Renal function and magnesium level did not influence 25D values (r = - 0.144 and 0.030, respectively). Mean serum 1,25D values decreased from 106.5 ± 44.3 pmol/l in individuals with normal renal function to 51.7 ± 18.9 pmol/l in those with severe renal insufficiency (p < 0.01). A weak positive correlation was observed between 1,25D and eGFR (r = 0.317), and between 1,25D and serum magnesium (r = 0.217).

CONCLUSION

Impaired renal function and low magnesium serum levels are slightly associated with low 1,25D concentrations. Measuring 25D, but not 1,25D, may overestimate the patient's vitamin D status. In patients with renal insufficiency adequate magnesium supply should be ensured.