Safiaghdam Hannaneh, Nokhbatolfoghahaei Hanieh, Farzad-Mohajeri Saeed, Dehghan Mohammad Mehdi, Farajpour Hekmat, Aminianfar Hossein, Bakhtiari Zeinab, Jabbari Fakhr Massoumeh, Hosseinzadeh Simzar, Khojasteh Arash
Student Research Committee, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
J Biomed Mater Res A. 2023 Mar;111(3):322-339. doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.37465. Epub 2022 Nov 5.
Magnesium (Mg) plays an important role in controlling bone apatite structure and density and is a potential bioactive material in repairing critical-sized bone defects. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of adding NanoMgO to polycaprolactone/beta-tricalcium phosphate (PCL/β-TCP) scaffolds on bone regeneration. Novel 3D-printed porous PCL/β-TCP composite scaffolds containing 10% nanoMgO were fabricated by fused deposition modeling (FDM) and compared with PCL/β-TCP (1:1) scaffolds (control). The morphology and physicochemical properties of the scaffolds were characterized by ATR-FTIR, XRD, scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX), transmission-electron-microscopy (TEM), water contact angle, and compressive strength tests and correlated to its cytocompatibility and osteogenic capacity in-vitro. To evaluate in-vivo osteogenic capacity, bone-marrow-derived stem cell (BMSC)-loaded scaffolds were implanted into 8 mm rat critical-sized calvarial defects for 12 weeks. The hydrophilic scaffolds showed 50% porosity (pore size = 504 μm). MgO nanoparticles (91.5 ± 27.6 nm) were homogenously dispersed and did not adversely affect BMSCs' viability and differentiation. Magnesium significantly increased elastic modulus, pH, and degradation. New bone formation (NBF) in Micro-CT was 30.16 ± 0.31% and 23.56 ± 1.76% in PCL/β-TCP/nanoMgO scaffolds with and without BMSCs respectively, and 19.38 ± 2.15% and 15.75 ± 2.24% in PCL/β-TCP scaffolds with and without BMSCs respectively. Angiogenesis was least remarkable in PCL/β-TCP compared with other groups (p < .05). Our results suggest that the PCL/β-TCP/nanoMgO scaffold is a more suitable bone substitute compared to PCL/β-TCP in critical-sized calvarial defects.
镁（Mg）在控制骨磷灰石结构和密度方面发挥着重要作用，是修复临界尺寸骨缺损的一种潜在生物活性材料。在本研究中，我们旨在评估向聚己内酯/β-磷酸三钙（PCL/β-TCP）支架中添加纳米氧化镁（NanoMgO）对骨再生的影响。通过熔融沉积建模（FDM）制备了含10%纳米氧化镁的新型3D打印多孔PCL/β-TCP复合支架，并与PCL/β-TCP（1:1）支架（对照）进行比较。通过衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱（ATR-FTIR）、X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜-能量色散X射线分析（SEM-EDX）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、水接触角和抗压强度测试对支架的形态和物理化学性质进行了表征，并将其与其体外细胞相容性和成骨能力相关联。为了评估体内成骨能力，将负载骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSC）的支架植入8毫米大鼠临界尺寸的颅骨缺损处12周。亲水性支架的孔隙率为50%（孔径 = 504μm）。氧化镁纳米颗粒（91.5 ± 27.6nm）均匀分散，且对骨髓间充质干细胞的活力和分化没有不利影响。镁显著提高了弹性模量、pH值和降解率。在含和不含骨髓间充质干细胞的PCL/β-TCP/纳米氧化镁支架中，微计算机断层扫描（Micro-CT）检测到的新骨形成（NBF）分别为30.16 ± 0.31%和23.56 ± 1.76%，在含和不含骨髓间充质干细胞的PCL/β-TCP支架中分别为19.38 ± 2.15%和15.75 ± 2.24%。与其他组相比，PCL/β-TCP组的血管生成最不明显（p < 0.05）。我们的结果表明，在临界尺寸的颅骨缺损中，与PCL/β-TCP相比，PCL/β-TCP/纳米氧化镁支架是一种更合适的骨替代物。
