Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.
Department of Global Health, University of Bergen, Norway.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Feb 1;858(Pt 2):159835. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159835. Epub 2022 Nov 2.
This state-of-the-science review is aimed at identifying the sources, occurrence, and concentrations of EDCs, including potential public health risks associated with drinking water and aquatic food resources from Nigerian inland waters. A total of 6024 articles from scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of science, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and African Journals Online) were identified, out of which, 103 eligible articles were selected for this study. Eleven (11) classes of EDCs (OCPs, PCBs, PBDEs, PAHs, BPA, OTs, PEs, PCs, PPCPs, sterols and n-alkanes) were identified from drinking waters, river sediments and aquatic food species from Nigerian rivers, showing that OCPs were the most studied and reported EDCs. Analytical methods used were HPLC, LC-MS/MS, GC-FID, GC-ECD and GC-MS with all EDCs identified to originate from anthropogenic sources. Carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic effects were the highest (54.4 %) toxicological effects identified, while reproductive/endocrine disruptive effects (15.2 %) and obesogenic effects (4.3 %) were the least identified toxicological effects. The targeted hazard quotient (THQ) and cancer risk (CR) were generally highest in children, compared to the adult populations, indicating age-specific toxicity. PEs produced the highest THQ (330.3) and CR (1.2) for all the EDCs in drinking water for the children population, suggesting enhanced vulnerability of this population group, compared to the adult population. Due to associated public health, wildlife and environmental risk of EDCs and their increasing concentrations in drinking water and food fish species from Nigerian inland waters, there is an urgent need for focused and strategic interventions, sensitization and policy formulation/implementation towards public health and aquatic food safety in Nigeria.
本综述旨在确定尼日利亚内陆水域中环境内分泌干扰物（EDCs）的来源、发生和浓度，包括与饮用水和水生食物资源相关的潜在公共健康风险。从科学数据库（PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science、ScienceDirect、Google Scholar 和 African Journals Online）中总共确定了 6024 篇文章，其中有 103 篇符合条件的文章被选为本研究的对象。从尼日利亚河流的饮用水、河沉积物和水生食物物种中鉴定出了 11 类 EDCs（OCPs、PCBs、PBDEs、PAHs、BPA、OTs、PEs、PCs、PPCPs、甾醇和正烷烃），表明 OCPs 是研究和报告最多的 EDCs。使用的分析方法有 HPLC、LC-MS/MS、GC-FID、GC-ECD 和 GC-MS，所有 EDCs 均来源于人为来源。鉴定出的毒理学效应中，致癌、致突变和致畸效应最高（54.4%），而生殖/内分泌干扰效应（15.2%）和肥胖效应（4.3%）最低。与成人相比，儿童的目标危害系数（THQ）和癌症风险（CR）普遍较高，表明具有年龄特异性毒性。对于儿童，PEs 在饮用水中的所有 EDCs 中产生的 THQ（330.3）和 CR（1.2）最高，表明与成人相比，该人群组的脆弱性更高。由于与 EDCs 相关的公共卫生、野生动物和环境风险及其在尼日利亚内陆水域饮用水和食用鱼类中的浓度不断增加，迫切需要针对尼日利亚的公共卫生和水生食品安全进行重点和战略性干预、宣传和政策制定/实施。
