Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Environ Res. 2023 Jan 1;216(Pt 3):114703. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114703. Epub 2022 Nov 2.
Incorporation of greenspace may be a novel environmental policy that might result in positive health effects; hence, this study aimed to investigate the association between residential greenness and dementia incidence. The effects of particulate air pollution on mediating dementia were also determined.
A prospective cohort study involving 375,342 UK biobank participants was conducted, in which Cox regression models were used to determine the association of greenspace exposure with the risks of all-cause dementia (ACD), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD). Sociodemographic variables, lifestyle or dietary characteristics and apolipoprotein E4 status were controlled using two levels of adjusted models. Mediation analyses were performed to determine the mediation effects of PMs.
The results indicated that there were 4929 ACD, 2132 AD, and 1184 VD incidents throughout the 8-year study. In the multi-adjusted model, each interquartile increment in greenspace (buffer 300m) conferred the lower risks of ACD (HR = 0.968, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.938-1.000]) and VD (HR = 0.926, 95% CI: 0.867-0.989). The fourth greenspace quartile conferred also reduced risks of ACD (HR = 0.891, 95% CI: 0.804-0.989) and VD (HR = 0.778, 95% CI: 0.630-0.960) in reference to the first quartile. With regard to 1000m catchment, each interquartile increment conferred a 5.0% (95% CI: 1.8-8.1) lower risk of ACD, and the fourth greenspace quartile conferred a 10.9% (95% CI: 0.9-19.8) lower risk of ACD compared to the first quartile. The protective effect of greenness might be mediated based on the reduction of PM and PM (P<0.05).
Increasing greenness reduces the risk of dementia. This study suggests that greenspace is an environmental strategy that helps prevent dementia.
增加绿地面积可能是一种新的环境政策，可能会带来积极的健康影响；因此，本研究旨在调查居住绿地与痴呆症发病率之间的关系。还确定了颗粒物空气污染对介导痴呆症的影响。
对英国生物库的 375342 名参与者进行了前瞻性队列研究，使用 Cox 回归模型确定了暴露于绿地与全因痴呆症（ACD）、阿尔茨海默病（AD）和血管性痴呆症（VD）风险之间的关联。使用两个调整模型的两个水平控制了社会人口统计学变量、生活方式或饮食特征和载脂蛋白 E4 状态。进行中介分析以确定 PM 的中介作用。
在 8 年的研究中，共发生 4929 例 ACD、2132 例 AD 和 1184 例 VD 事件。在多调整模型中，与绿地每增加一个四分位间距（缓冲区 300m）相关的 ACD（HR=0.968，95%置信区间[CI]：0.938-1.000）和 VD（HR=0.926，95%CI：0.867-0.989）风险降低。与第一四分位相比，第四四分位的绿地也降低了 ACD（HR=0.891，95%CI：0.804-0.989）和 VD（HR=0.778，95%CI：0.630-0.960）的发病风险。对于 1000m 集水区，每增加一个四分位间距，ACD 的风险降低 5.0%（95%CI：1.8-8.1），与第一四分位相比，第四四分位的绿地降低了 10.9%（95%CI：0.9-19.8）的 ACD 风险。基于 PM 和 PM 的减少，绿色空间的保护作用可能是介导的（P<0.05）。
增加绿地面积可降低痴呆症风险。本研究表明，绿地是一种有助于预防痴呆症的环境策略。
