Cerin Ester, Matison Annabel P, Molina Miguel A, Schroers Ralf-Dieter, Li Wei, Knibbs Luke D, Catts Vibeke Sorensen, Wu Yu-Tzu, Soloveva Maria V, Anstey Kaarin J, Mavoa Suzanne, Poudel Govinda, Jalaludin Bin, Kochan Nicole A, Brodaty Henry, Sachdev Perminder S
Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Alzheimers Dement. 2025 Aug;21(8):e70569. doi: 10.1002/alz.70569.
Features of the neighborhood environment and ambient air pollution have been associated with onset and progression of neurocognitive disorders, but data from longitudinal population-based studies are limited.
One thousand thirty-six participants (78.3 ± 4.8 years) of the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study were followed for up to 13.7 years with biennial cognitive assessments. Neighborhood environmental features were assessed around the participants' homes. Associations between environmental features and transitions to cognitive states were estimated.
Population density, street connectivity, access to commercial services, public transport, water bodies, and tree canopy were associated with a lower likelihood of worsening cognitive state. The opposite was observed for annual average concentrations of PM. Access to parkland, blue spaces, and public transport were associated with a higher likelihood of reversal from mild cognitive impairment to normal cognition.
Healthy neighborhood environments may delay cognitive decline and the onset of dementia in older individuals.
This is the first published study on neighborhood built and natural environmental correlates of transition to dementia. This study was conducted in socially advantaged areas with relatively low ambient air pollution. Walkable neighborhoods are associated with a lower likelihood of worsening cognitive state. Neighborhood tree canopy is consistently predictive of better cognitive outcomes. Access to public transport, and blue and green spaces is associated with higher probability of improved cognitive state.
邻里环境和环境空气污染的特征与神经认知障碍的发生和发展有关，但基于人群的纵向研究数据有限。
悉尼记忆与衰老研究的1036名参与者（78.3±4.8岁）接受了长达13.7年的随访，每两年进行一次认知评估。对参与者家周围的邻里环境特征进行了评估。估计了环境特征与认知状态转变之间的关联。
人口密度、街道连通性、商业服务可达性、公共交通、水体和树冠与认知状态恶化的可能性较低相关。而细颗粒物的年均浓度则呈现相反的情况。公园用地、蓝色空间和公共交通的可达性与从轻度认知障碍逆转至正常认知的较高可能性相关。
健康的邻里环境可能会延缓老年人的认知衰退和痴呆症的发病。
这是第一项发表的关于向痴呆症转变的邻里建成环境和自然环境相关性的研究。本研究在环境空气污染相对较低的社会优势地区进行。适宜步行邻里环境与认知状态恶化可能性较低相关。邻里树冠始终预示着更好的认知结果。公共交通以及蓝色和绿色空间的可达性与认知状态改善的较高概率相关。
