Department of Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
Department of Otolaryngology, Hengyang Medical School, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
Clin Exp Med. 2023 Sep;23(5):1393-1404. doi: 10.1007/s10238-022-00937-7. Epub 2022 Nov 6.
Calreticulin (CRT) is a multifunctional protein found within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In addition, CRT participates in the formation and development of tumors and promotes the proliferation and migration of tumor cells. When a malignant tumor occurs in the human body, cancer cells that die from immunogenic cell death (ICD) expose CRT on their surface, and CRT that is transferred to the cell surface represents an "eat me" signal, which promotes dendritic cells to phagocytose the tumor cells, thereby increasing the sensitivity of tumors to anticancer immunotherapy. Expression of CRT in tumor tissues is higher than in normal tissues and is associated with disease progression in many malignant tumors. Thus, the dysfunctional production of CRT can promote tumorigenesis because it disturbs not only the balance of healthy cells but also the body's immune surveillance. CRT may be a diagnostic marker and a therapeutic target for cancer, which is discussed extensively in this review.
钙网织蛋白（CRT）是内质网（ER）中的一种多功能蛋白。此外，CRT 参与肿瘤的形成和发展，并促进肿瘤细胞的增殖和迁移。当人体发生恶性肿瘤时，死于免疫原性细胞死亡（ICD）的癌细胞会在其表面暴露 CRT，而转移到细胞表面的 CRT 代表一个“吃我”信号，促进树突状细胞吞噬肿瘤细胞，从而提高肿瘤对癌症免疫治疗的敏感性。肿瘤组织中 CRT 的表达高于正常组织，与许多恶性肿瘤的疾病进展有关。因此，CRT 的功能失调产生会促进肿瘤发生，因为它不仅扰乱了健康细胞的平衡，还扰乱了机体的免疫监视。CRT 可能是癌症的诊断标志物和治疗靶点，这在本综述中得到了广泛讨论。
