Department of Medical Science, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Safety, Universiti Selangor, Shah Alam, Malaysia.
Int J Environ Health Res. 2024 Jan;34(1):213-224. doi: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2143482. Epub 2022 Nov 6.
We studied associations between fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), health and household exposure among school children (N = 348) in Penang, Malaysia. Multiple logistic regression and linear mixed models were applied. Overall, 46.0% had elevated FeNO (>20 ppb) and 10.6% diagnosed asthma. Male gender (p = 0.002), parental asthma or allergy (p = 0.047), cat allergy (p = 0.009) and seafood allergy (p < 0.001), diagnosed asthma (p = 0.001), wheeze (p = 0.001), ocular symptoms (p = 0.001), rhinitis (p = 0.002) and respiratory infections (p = 0.004) were all associated with FeNO. Students exposed to ETS had lower FeNO (p = 0.05). Dampness and mould was associated with wheeze (p = 0.038), especially in wooden homes (interaction p = 0.042) and among students with elevated FeNO (interaction p = 0.024). Cat keeping increased rhinitis (p = 0.041) and respiratory infections (p = 0.008) and modified the dampness associations. In conclusion, FeNO can be associated with ocular and respiratory symptoms. Elevated FeNO, cat keeping and a wooden house can enhance the risk of wheeze when exposed to dampness and mould.
我们研究了马来西亚槟城的学龄儿童（n=348）呼出气一氧化氮分数（FeNO）、健康状况和家庭暴露之间的关系。应用了多因素逻辑回归和线性混合模型。总体而言，46.0%的儿童 FeNO 升高（>20ppb），10.6%被诊断为哮喘。男性（p=0.002）、父母哮喘或过敏（p=0.047）、猫过敏（p=0.009）和海鲜过敏（p<0.001）、诊断为哮喘（p=0.001）、喘息（p=0.001）、眼部症状（p=0.001）、鼻炎（p=0.002）和呼吸道感染（p=0.004）与 FeNO 均相关。接触 ETS 的学生 FeNO 较低（p=0.05）。潮湿和霉菌与喘息有关（p=0.038），尤其是在木质房屋中（交互作用 p=0.042）和 FeNO 升高的学生中（交互作用 p=0.024）。养猫增加了鼻炎（p=0.041）和呼吸道感染（p=0.008），并改变了潮湿与疾病的关联。总之，FeNO 可能与眼部和呼吸道症状有关。FeNO 升高、养猫和木质房屋会增加接触潮湿和霉菌时喘息的风险。
