Chong S H, Burn L A, Cheng T K M, Warr I S, Kenyon J C
Homerton College, University of Cambridge, Hills Rd, Cambridge CB2 8PH, UK.
Department of Medicine, Level 5 Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Rd, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
Br Med Bull. 2022 Dec 12;144(1):12-44. doi: 10.1093/bmb/ldac025.
Multiple vaccine platforms against COVID-19 have been developed and found safe and efficacious at a record speed. Although most are effective, they vary in their ease of production and distribution, their potential speed of modification against new variants, and their durability of protection and safety in certain target groups.
Our discussion is based on published reports of clinical trials and analyses from national and global health agencies.
The production of neutralizing antibodies against the viral spike protein is protective, and all vaccines for which published data exist have been found to be effective against severe disease caused by the viral strain they target.
The degree to which vaccines protect against emerging variants, moderate disease and asymptomatic infection remains somewhat unclear.
Knowledge of the duration of protection and its decay is increasing, and discussions of booster frequency and target strains are ongoing.
The global effort to combat transmission and disease continues to rely upon intense epidemiological surveillance, whilst real-world data and clinical trials shape vaccination schedules and formulae.
针对新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）已研发出多种疫苗平台，并以前所未有的速度被证明安全有效。尽管大多数疫苗都有效，但它们在生产和分发的难易程度、针对新变种的潜在改造速度以及在某些目标群体中的保护持久性和安全性方面存在差异。
我们的讨论基于已发表的临床试验报告以及国家和全球卫生机构的分析。
产生针对病毒刺突蛋白的中和抗体具有保护作用，并且所有已公布数据的疫苗都被证明对其靶向的病毒株引起的严重疾病有效。
疫苗对新出现变种、轻症疾病和无症状感染的保护程度仍不太明确。
对保护持续时间及其衰减的了解不断增加，关于加强针接种频率和目标毒株的讨论正在进行。
全球抗击传播和疾病的努力继续依赖于密集的流行病学监测，而真实世界数据和临床试验则决定着疫苗接种计划和配方。
